Estimate the probability that there will be a hurricane-related toxic release at the naval base in Pensacola next year. Find the probability that at least one toxic release will occur in a six-year period. Climate scientists believe that climate change will increase the frequency of hurricanes. Assume that the hurricane frequency in Pensacola is doubled in the future. Re-calculate the probability that at least one toxic release will occur in a six-year period.  Does the answer surprise you when you compare it to your answer from part (b)?

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Laura Steinberg, former Dean of E&CS at Syracuse University, studies the potential for the release of toxic chemicals to the environment during natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes. Her analysis of data from the United States in 1990-2006 revealed that 4 out of 22 facilities experienced toxic releases when subjected to Category 3 (Cat3) hurricane-force winds.  In probability terms:

The U.S. naval base in Pensacola, Florida has experienced Cat3 winds 7 times in 133 years of recorded observations. You may assume that the occurrence of hurricanes in Pensacola is independent from year to year.

  1. Estimate the probability that there will be a hurricane-related toxic release at the naval base in Pensacola next year.
  2. Find the probability that at least one toxic release will occur in a six-year period.
  3. Climate scientists believe that climate change will increase the frequency of hurricanes. Assume that the hurricane frequency in Pensacola is doubled in the future. Re-calculate the probability that at least one toxic release will occur in a six-year period.  Does the answer surprise you when you compare it to your answer from part (b)?

 

Expert Solution
Step 1

Consider the following events,

A=occurrence of hurricane in PensacolaB=a facility experiences toxic release due to hurricane

Given that Pensacola experienced hurricane 7 times in 133 years,

PA=7133

Also, it is given that 4 out of 22 facilities experienced toxic releases due to hurricane,

PBA=422=211

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