Resonance theory is that in which normal state of molecule is represented by several distinct structures. The molecule is thus said to resonate among several structures. Energy of resonance hybrid is lower than energy of the alternate structures. The difference between the energy of any on alternate structure and that of resonance hybrid gives the resonance energy.
Conclusions that can be drawn from resonance theory are:
It tells that all the bond length are equal which gives the extra stability of molecule.
It gives the reactivity of aromatic compound. Being delocalized in nature all the sites are equally reactive.
It gives the description of molecular orbitals, bonding and antibonding.
It resists addition reactions as delocalization gets interrupted which gives less stability.
It explains the cyclic flow of electrons.
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