please do EXCERCISE NUMBER 2 onlythanks in advanced Exercise 2 Give an EBNF grammar for each of the languages of Exercise 1. Usethe EBNF extensions wherever possible to simplify the grammars. In particular,you should eliminate explicit recursion from the grammars wherever possible.Don't forget to put single quotes around any EBNF metasymbol when using it as atoken. Exercise 1 Give a BNF grammar for each of the languages below. For example,a correct answer for "the set of all strings consisting of zero or more concatenatedcopies of the string ab" would be this grammar:= ab | There are often many correct answers.a. The set of all strings consisting of zero or more as.b. The set of all strings consisting of an uppercase letter followed by zero ormore additional characters, each of which is either an uppercase letter or oneNUC of the digits 0 through 9.c. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as.d. The set of all strings consisting of one or more digits. (Each digit is one of thecharacters 0 through 9.)e. The set of all strings consisting of zero or more as with a semicolon after eachuse only, doone.f. The set of all strings consisting of the keyword begin, followed by zero ormore statements with a semicolon after each one, followed by the keywordend. Use the non-terminal for statements, and do not give pro-ductions for it.g. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as with a semicolon after eachone.h. The set of all strings consisting of the keyword begin, followed by one or emore statements with a semicolon after each one, followed by the keywordend. Use the non-terminal for statements, and do not give pro-ductions for it.wu@fainteri. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as, with a comma betweeneach a and the next. (There should be no comma before the first or after thelast.)

Answered: er possible to simplify the gramma t…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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please do EXCERCISE NUMBER 2 only

thanks in advanced

Exercise 2 Give an EBNF grammar for each of the languages of Exercise 1. Use
the EBNF extensions wherever possible to simplify the grammars. In particular,
you should eliminate explicit recursion from the grammars wherever possible.
Don't forget to put single quotes around any EBNF metasymbol when using it as a
token.

Exercise 1 Give a BNF grammar for each of the languages below. For example,
a correct answer for "the set of all strings consisting of zero or more concatenated
copies of the string ab" would be this grammar:
<S>= ab <S> | <empty>
There are often many correct answers.
a. The set of all strings consisting of zero or more as.
b. The set of all strings consisting of an uppercase letter followed by zero or
more additional characters, each of which is either an uppercase letter or one
NUC of the digits 0 through 9.
c. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as.
d. The set of all strings consisting of one or more digits. (Each digit is one of the
characters 0 through 9.)
e. The set of all strings consisting of zero or more as with a semicolon after each
use only, do
one.
f. The set of all strings consisting of the keyword begin, followed by zero or
more statements with a semicolon after each one, followed by the keyword
end. Use the non-terminal <statement> for statements, and do not give pro-
ductions for it.
g. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as with a semicolon after each
one.
h. The set of all strings consisting of the keyword begin, followed by one or e
more statements with a semicolon after each one, followed by the keyword
end. Use the non-terminal <statement> for statements, and do not give pro-
ductions for it.
wu@fainter
i. The set of all strings consisting of one or more as, with a comma between
each a and the next. (There should be no comma before the first or after the
last.)

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Summary
EBNF (Extended Backus-Naur Form) is a type of formal grammar used to describe the syntax of programming languages and other formal languages. It uses a set of rules to define a language’s structure, including the use of terminals (symbols that can appear in the language) and non-terminals (symbols that represent groups of terminals). EBNF extends on the original BNF notation by allowing the use of repetition, optional elements, and grouping. It is commonly used in compiler design, software engineering, and other areas of computer science to define the rules for a language in a clear and concise way.

Here are some general steps to follow when creating an EBNF grammar:

Define the terminal symbols: These are the basic units of the language, such as keywords, operators, and punctuation.

Define the non-terminal symbols: These are the higher-level constructs that make up the language, such as expressions, statements, and functions.

Define the production rules: These specify how the non-terminal symbols can be combined to form valid language constructs. Each rule consists of a left-hand side (a non-terminal symbol) and a right-hand side (a sequence of terminal and/or non-terminal symbols).

Use EBNF notation to specify repetition, optionality, grouping, and other constructs that can simplify the grammar.

Test the grammar by using it to parse sample programs and verifying that they are correctly recognized as valid or invalid.

Refine the grammar as needed to handle edge cases and ensure that it is as clear and concise as possible.

Creating a good EBNF grammar requires careful thought and attention to detail, as well as a deep understanding of the language being defined. It can be a challenging but rewarding process that results in a powerful tool for working with formal languages.

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