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ells, or gametes, reduce their number of chromosomes in order for fertilization to occur. In humans, me metes required for reproduction. The diagram shows the process of meiosis. Prophase Interphase Telophase Anaphase Interphase S Metaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase Anaphase

ells, or gametes, reduce their number of chromosomes in order for fertilization to occur. In humans, me metes required for reproduction. The diagram shows the process of meiosis. Prophase Interphase Telophase Anaphase Interphase S Metaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase Anaphase

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Genetic variation and meiosis** Genetic variation describes the genetic differences in DNA segments of organisms within a population. Genetic variation is important because it enables some individuals to have traits that are favorable in a changing environment. Sexual reproduction is a method that introduces genetic variation. A human being is a diploid organism whose somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes found in 23 homologous pairs. Sexual reproduction requires that sex cells, or gametes, reduce their number of chromosomes in order for fertilization to occur. In humans, meiosis is the process that forms the gametes required for reproduction. The diagram shows the process of meiosis. **Diagram Explanation** The circular flow diagram illustrates the stages of meiosis, starting from Interphase, progressing through Prophase, Metaphase, and Anaphase, then through Telophase and Cytokinesis, and repeats this process through Meiosis II. Below the diagram of meiosis, a table explains how genetic variation can be introduced: - **Crossing over**: The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. - **Law of segregation**: Alleles that are normally paired are separated, and each gamete receives only one randomly selected copy of a gene. - **Law of independent assortment**: The alleles of different genes do not influence one another and get sorted into gametes independently of one another. - **Random fertilization**: Fertilization is a random event where any male gamete can fuse with any female gamete to form a new individual. - **Mutation**: Gametes receive too few or too many chromosomes. **Question Section** The question has two parts: The diagram on the right shows four possible genetic arrangements of a cell containing two chromosomes during metaphase: 1. **Genetic arrangement 1 and 2** 2. **Genetic arrangement 3 and 4** **Part A:** What is the diagram MOST LIKELY demonstrating? - A. Mutation - B. Crossing over - C. Random fertilization - D. Independent assortment **Answer Explanation:** This question assesses understanding of genetic arrangements and their role in the introduction of genetic diversity through meiosis.
Transcribed Image Text:**Genetic variation and meiosis** Genetic variation describes the genetic differences in DNA segments of organisms within a population. Genetic variation is important because it enables some individuals to have traits that are favorable in a changing environment. Sexual reproduction is a method that introduces genetic variation. A human being is a diploid organism whose somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes found in 23 homologous pairs. Sexual reproduction requires that sex cells, or gametes, reduce their number of chromosomes in order for fertilization to occur. In humans, meiosis is the process that forms the gametes required for reproduction. The diagram shows the process of meiosis. **Diagram Explanation** The circular flow diagram illustrates the stages of meiosis, starting from Interphase, progressing through Prophase, Metaphase, and Anaphase, then through Telophase and Cytokinesis, and repeats this process through Meiosis II. Below the diagram of meiosis, a table explains how genetic variation can be introduced: - **Crossing over**: The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. - **Law of segregation**: Alleles that are normally paired are separated, and each gamete receives only one randomly selected copy of a gene. - **Law of independent assortment**: The alleles of different genes do not influence one another and get sorted into gametes independently of one another. - **Random fertilization**: Fertilization is a random event where any male gamete can fuse with any female gamete to form a new individual. - **Mutation**: Gametes receive too few or too many chromosomes. **Question Section** The question has two parts: The diagram on the right shows four possible genetic arrangements of a cell containing two chromosomes during metaphase: 1. **Genetic arrangement 1 and 2** 2. **Genetic arrangement 3 and 4** **Part A:** What is the diagram MOST LIKELY demonstrating? - A. Mutation - B. Crossing over - C. Random fertilization - D. Independent assortment **Answer Explanation:** This question assesses understanding of genetic arrangements and their role in the introduction of genetic diversity through meiosis.
The image provides educational content about genetic variation introduced during meiosis. It contains a table that describes several processes: 1. **Crossing over**: This is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. 2. **Law of segregation**: Alleles that are normally paired are separated, and each gamete receives only one randomly selected copy of a gene. 3. **Law of independent assortment**: The alleles of different genes do not influence one another and get sorted into gametes independently of one another. 4. **Random fertilization**: Fertilization is a random event where any male gamete can fuse with any female gamete to form a new individual. 5. **Mutation**: Gametes receive too few or too many chromosomes. To the right, there is a multiple-choice question: **Which statement BEST supports the choice made in Part A?** - A. The diagram shows four daughter gametes that have exchanged genetic information between chromatids. - B. The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of receiving one random allele from each parent. - C. The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of two chromosomes separating in different ways. - D. The diagram shows four daughter gametes that incorrectly contain fewer chromosomes than the parent cells. Each option refers to how genetic variation can occur during meiosis. The copyright at the bottom indicates: ©2022 Illuminate Education™, Inc.
Transcribed Image Text:The image provides educational content about genetic variation introduced during meiosis. It contains a table that describes several processes: 1. **Crossing over**: This is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. 2. **Law of segregation**: Alleles that are normally paired are separated, and each gamete receives only one randomly selected copy of a gene. 3. **Law of independent assortment**: The alleles of different genes do not influence one another and get sorted into gametes independently of one another. 4. **Random fertilization**: Fertilization is a random event where any male gamete can fuse with any female gamete to form a new individual. 5. **Mutation**: Gametes receive too few or too many chromosomes. To the right, there is a multiple-choice question: **Which statement BEST supports the choice made in Part A?** - A. The diagram shows four daughter gametes that have exchanged genetic information between chromatids. - B. The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of receiving one random allele from each parent. - C. The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of two chromosomes separating in different ways. - D. The diagram shows four daughter gametes that incorrectly contain fewer chromosomes than the parent cells. Each option refers to how genetic variation can occur during meiosis. The copyright at the bottom indicates: ©2022 Illuminate Education™, Inc.
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