Elgamal public key cryptosystem (encryption): Start with the prime p = 13 and the primitive root g = 2. Alice sends Bob the public key A = 3. Bob wants to send the message m = 10 to Alice. Bob chooses the random element k = 3. Using the Elgamal public key cryptosystem, compute the pair of numbers (C₁, C₂) that Bob sends to Alice. Note: Do not work out how Alice computes the plaintext message m from the ciphertext (C₁, C₂).

Elgamal public key cryptosystem (encryption): Start with the prime p = 13 and the primitive root g = 2. Alice sends Bob the public key A = 3. Bob wants to send the message m = 10 to Alice. Bob chooses the random element k = 3. Using the Elgamal public key cryptosystem, compute the pair of numbers (C₁, C₂) that Bob sends to Alice. Note: Do not work out how Alice computes the plaintext message m from the ciphertext (C₁, C₂).

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Q2. RSA Alice starts the RSA, with key generation. She selects p-19 but she is confused with the second choice. Should she choose 17 or 21 for q? Q2.1 The correct choice is q= Then, she calculates the parameters n and (n). Q2.2 The value of n is n= Q2.3 The value of (n) is (n) = Now, Alice has to choose a proper value for e. For some reason, she has to choose one of the following two candidate values: 11 or 15 Q2.4 The correct choice is e= Explain:
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Introductory: The Caesar Cipher technique is one of the earliest and simplest methods of encryption techniques. It is simply a type of substitution cipher, i.e., each letter of a given text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials. Thus, to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as a shift which indicates the number of positions each letter of the text has been moved down. The encryption can be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1 ,…, Z = 25. Encryption of a letter by a shift n can be described mathematically as. En(x) = (x+n) mod 26 (Encryption Phase with shift n) Write an algorithm and implement a program in C to read the data from a file (called…
Substitution ciphers are encryption/decryption algorithms that replace one letter or number with another. The first attested use of a substitution cipher in military affairs was by Julius Caesar, described by him in Gallic Wars (cf. Kahn pp83-84). In caesar cipher , you replace each letter by 3rd letter on. If it is out of bound (later than Z), then round to the head (letter A) and continue the shift. For example:meet me after the toga party PHHW PH DIWHU WKH WRJD SDUWB Please write a program in Java to implement the Caesar Cipher: a. Implement the encryption algorithm. Ask the user to input one all lower case normal sentence (called plaintext) using the nextLine method, and then output the encrypted text (called ciphertext). b. Implement the decryption algorithm. Ask the user to input one encrypted sentence (i.e. ciphertext) using the nextLine method, and then output the decrypted text (i.e. plaintext).
Crypto Columns The columnar encryption scheme scrambles the letters in a message (or plaintext) using a keyword as illustrated in the following example: Suppose BATBOY is the keyword and our message is MEET ME BY THE OLD OAK TREE. Since the keyword has 6 letters, we write the message (ignoring spacing and punctuation) in a grid with 6 columns, padding with random extra letters as needed: MEETME BYTHEO LDOAKT REENTH Here, we've padded the message with NTH. Now the message is printed out by columns, but the columns are printed in the order determined by the letters in the keyword. Since A is the letter of the keyword that comes first in the alphabet, column 2 is printed first. The next letter, B, occurs twice. In the case of a tie like this we print the columns leftmost first, so we print column 1, then column 4. This continues, printing the remaining columns in order 5, 3 and finally 6. So, the order the columns of the grid are printed would be 2, 1, 4, 5, 3, 6, in this case. This…
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Cryptography: Alice is setting up an RSA key pair. She selects two prime numbers: 3319, 9397 and selects e = 3271. What are Alice’s public and private keys and what does she broadcast to make them usable? Then encrypt the following using her public key: HELLO WORLD
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Task One. Implementation of Trapdoor Knapsack En- cryption Scheme In this section, you are to implement a trapdoor knapsack encryption scheme. When the program is run, it first asks for the size of the super-increasing knapsack, then the user is asked to enter the value of each a; in the private key. Then, the user is asked to enter a modulus, follows by a multiplier. You will need to check whether condition of the multipllier is satisfied. Then, the public key will be generated and shown. Now, a set of message is being asked, and the ciphertext will need to be displayed. Finally, a ciphertext will need to be asked and the correct decryption of the ciphertext will need to be displayed. Implement this part as knapsack.cpp or knapsack.java
IN JAVA Alice and Bob are playing a board game with a deck of nine cards. For each digit between 1 to 9, there is one card with that digit on it. Alice and Bob each draw two cards after shuffling the cards, and see the digits on their own cards without revealing the digits to each other. Then Alice gives her two cards to Bob. Bob sees the digits on Alice’s cards and lays all the four cards on the table in increasing order by the digits. Cards are laid facing down. Bob tells Alice the positions of her two cards. The goal of Alice is to guess the digits on Bob’s two cards. Can Alice uniquely determine these two digits and guess them correctly? Input The input has two integers p,q (1≤p<q≤9) on the first line, giving the digits on Alice’s cards. The next line has a string containing two ‘A’s and two ‘B’s, giving the positions of Alice’s and Bob’s cards on the table. It is guaranteed that Bob correctly sorts the cards and gives the correct positions of Alice’s cards. Output If Alice can…