Elements Calcium Chlorine Copper Fluorine lodine Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Table 2.1. Essential Elements and Physiology in Animals Function in Animals Component of bone and teeth; involved in blood clotting, muscle, and nerve function Formation of HCI in stomach; acid-base balance; and nerve function Component of enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin, hemoglobin, a , and 705 iron metabolism Maintenance of bone and teeth Component of thyroid hormone Component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and electron carriers Muscle and nerve function; coenzyme Component of bone, ATP, DNA, and RNA Acid-base balance, water balance, and neural function Acid-base balance, water balance, and neural function Component of body proteins Components of digestive enzymes

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Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.