Undervaluing the substitution effect in calculating social welfare costs would overestimate the costs of the new power plant pollution regulation. True False
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- Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost MCLA = (1/2)aL and older firms with dirtier MCHA = aH, where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L, H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA= 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry. Suppose that in order to avoid the costly obtention of disaggregate information about individual firms' costs, the government just implements a uniform standard aui = A* / 2. Is this allocation efficient? If not, what is the deadweight loss?(12) Consider a market with social marginal benefit (quantity demanded) given by SMB = 600 – Q and private marginal cost (quantity supplied) given by PMC = Q. Social marginal cost is given by SMC = 200 + Q. Assume SMB = PMB. (a) Graph these SMB, SMC, and PMC curves. (b) Find the market equilibrium price and quantity. (c) Find the socially optimal equilibrium price and quantity.You are an industry analyst that specializes in an industry where the market inverse demand is P = 300 - 4Q. The external marginal cost of producing the product is MCExternal = 8Q, and the internal cost is MCInternal = 15Q.Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to the nearest two decimal places.a. What is the socially efficient level of output? unitsb. Given these costs and market demand, how much output would a competitive industry produce? unitsc. Given these costs and market demand, how much output would a monopolist produce? unitsd. Which of the following are actions the government could take to induce firms in this industry to produce the socially efficient level of output.Instructions: In order to receive full credit, you must make a selection for each option. For correct answer(s), click the box once to place a check mark. For incorrect answer(s), click twice to empty the box.check all that apply Pollution taxes Nonrival consumption Pollution permits
- Early settlers in the town of Dry Gulch drilled wells to pump as much water as they wanted from the single aquifer beneath the town. (An aquifer is an underground body of water.) As more people settled in Dry Gulch, the aquifer level fell and new wells had to be drilled deeper at higher cost. The residents of Dry Gulch will overuse water relative to the social optimum because Multiple Choice each resident will fail to adequately consider the external cost of his or her own water use water is a scarce resource each resident will fail to adequately consider the external benefit of his or her own water use the marginal cost of water is increasingA developing country implements pollution laws for the first time. Initially, there are some relatively cheap ways to reduce pollution and results are easily evident. After twenty years, they've found that the more one reduces pollution, the higher the marginal benefit. the lower the marginal benefit. the lower the marginal cost.Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost MCLA = (1/2)aL and older firms with dirtier MCHA = aH, where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L, H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA= 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry. What Pigouvian tax t will implement the efficient allocation (aL, aH)? Is the resulting allocation an efficient allocation? What is the government's tax revenue?
- 1) When is the solution depicted in steps E and F feasible? A)When using the power of markets and incentives is not feasible. B)When it is possible to account for externalities using the power of markets C)When private bargaining is prohibitive D)When altering price can change incentives of buyers and sellersAn emissions tax equal to _____ induces polluters to internalize the externality and leads to the socially optimal quantity of pollution. OA) the marginal social benefit at zero pollution B) the marginal social cost of pollution at the market-determined level of pollution C) the marginal social cost of pollution at the socially optimal quantity of pollution D) the marginal social benefit of pollution at the market-determined level of pollutionWhat are some differences between the internalization of external effects by coasean bargaining and liability law?