Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Earth Science
Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College 11. If the management includes driving vehicles over the soil and annual tilling, what impact vill these practices have on respiration? driving: tilling: 12. Besides eliminating these management practices, name a practice that could be added which would have a positive impact on soil organic matter content and porosity. How would that practice help soil organic matter content and porosity?

Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College 11. If the management includes driving vehicles over the soil and annual tilling, what impact vill these practices have on respiration? driving: tilling: 12. Besides eliminating these management practices, name a practice that could be added which would have a positive impact on soil organic matter content and porosity. How would that practice help soil organic matter content and porosity?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question
Use the following info to answer the questions
Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College Table 1.-Interpreting management impacts on soil respiration and soil organic matter (SOM) (source: Respiration USDA-NRCS - Guide for Educators 2014) Management Application practice Application of Apply at proper solid manure or organic material Use of high- residue crops or cover crops in rotation Tillage, such as annual disking or plowing Use of crop residue nitrogen fertilizer or agronomic rate. Provides carbon and nitrogen to Short-term impacts Long-term impacts Increased respiration when manure begins to break Improved soil structure; increased fertility and SOM content. microbes, increasing their down; increased activity. Crops that have a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) produce a high amount of biomass. Leave residue on surface to increase SOM. Mixes the soil, resulting in a temporary increase in oxygen and contact of residue to soil, allowing microbes to break down carbon sources. Leave residue on the surface, increasing ground cover, to protect the soil. Provides nitrogen Application of (energy), which allows microbes to break down residue with high C:N ratio more rapidly (e.g., corn stalks, wheat straw). Compacts soil, manure Use of farm equipment or other vehicles decreasing pore space, water movement, and oxygen and increasing nitrogen loss from denitrification. biomass/forage production. Temporary fixation of nitrogen during residue breakdown; increased soil moisture; decreased erosion. Released nitrogen and other nutrients and CO2; increased potential for erosion; increased rate of decomposition of residue and other carbon sources. Nitrogen temporarily tied up during breakdown of residue; increased soil Improved soil quality; increased fertility and SOM content. Decreased SOM content, soil quality, & soil fertility; reduced diversity of soil micro- organisms (increased bacteria); damaged soil structure. Increased soil quality, moisture; decreased risk of fertility, and SOM. erosion; lowered soil temperature. Temporary increased respiration due to increased rate of organic material breakdown. Decreased respiration, yields, and water infiltration; increased runoff. if properly managed, increased SOM and soil quality; increased production and residue. Decreased production; increased risk of erosion and runoff; decreased soil quality and microbial activity. 22 Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switch the Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.
Transcribed Image Text:Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College Table 1.-Interpreting management impacts on soil respiration and soil organic matter (SOM) (source: Respiration USDA-NRCS - Guide for Educators 2014) Management Application practice Application of Apply at proper solid manure or organic material Use of high- residue crops or cover crops in rotation Tillage, such as annual disking or plowing Use of crop residue nitrogen fertilizer or agronomic rate. Provides carbon and nitrogen to Short-term impacts Long-term impacts Increased respiration when manure begins to break Improved soil structure; increased fertility and SOM content. microbes, increasing their down; increased activity. Crops that have a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) produce a high amount of biomass. Leave residue on surface to increase SOM. Mixes the soil, resulting in a temporary increase in oxygen and contact of residue to soil, allowing microbes to break down carbon sources. Leave residue on the surface, increasing ground cover, to protect the soil. Provides nitrogen Application of (energy), which allows microbes to break down residue with high C:N ratio more rapidly (e.g., corn stalks, wheat straw). Compacts soil, manure Use of farm equipment or other vehicles decreasing pore space, water movement, and oxygen and increasing nitrogen loss from denitrification. biomass/forage production. Temporary fixation of nitrogen during residue breakdown; increased soil moisture; decreased erosion. Released nitrogen and other nutrients and CO2; increased potential for erosion; increased rate of decomposition of residue and other carbon sources. Nitrogen temporarily tied up during breakdown of residue; increased soil Improved soil quality; increased fertility and SOM content. Decreased SOM content, soil quality, & soil fertility; reduced diversity of soil micro- organisms (increased bacteria); damaged soil structure. Increased soil quality, moisture; decreased risk of fertility, and SOM. erosion; lowered soil temperature. Temporary increased respiration due to increased rate of organic material breakdown. Decreased respiration, yields, and water infiltration; increased runoff. if properly managed, increased SOM and soil quality; increased production and residue. Decreased production; increased risk of erosion and runoff; decreased soil quality and microbial activity. 22 Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switch the Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.
Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College 11. If the management includes driving vehicles over the soil and annual tilling, what impact vill these practices have on respiration? driving: tilling: 12. Besides eliminating these management practices, name a practice that could be added which would have a positive impact on soil organic matter content and porosity. How would that practice help soil organic matter content and porosity? Moderately low that have little or no organic marginal biological activity and matter organic matter Soil respiration activity* Very low Dry, sandy soils Soils with Table 2.-Basic soil biological quality Medium Soils that have a moderately balanced condition and to which organic matter has been added Approximate level of CO₂-respiration Ideal Soils with sufficient organic matter content and populations of active micro-organisms Unusually high Soils with excessive organic matter content 300 to 500 mg <300 mg CO2- CO2-C/kg C/kg soil/week 500 to 1000 mg CO₂- C/kg soil/week 1,000 to 2,000 mg CO2- C/kg soil/week >2,000 mg soil/week CO₂-C/kg soil/week <9.5 lbs CO2- 9.5 to 16 lbs CO2- 16 to 32 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day 32 to 64 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day C/acre- 3 in/day C/acre-3 in/day >64 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day Approximate quantity of nitrogen (N) release per year (normal climatic conditions) <10 lbs/acre 10 to 20 lbs/acre 20 to 40 lbs/acre 40 to 80 lbs/acre 80 to >160 Ibs/acre * Under optimum soil temperature and moisture conditions. **Doran, J., and W. Brinton. 2001. Soil quality correlation of basal respiration and N mineralization over time using intact 3-inch field soil cores under optimal temperature and moisture in the lab. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. More accurate estimates of yearly potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) release with optimal re- wetting of air-dry soils can be made using the SolvitaⓇ soil CO2 burst test and calculator. p. 17 of 17) 23 Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switch the Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.
Transcribed Image Text:Earth SUPPLEMENTAL EXERCISES - ESCI 103L - Cuyahoga Community College 11. If the management includes driving vehicles over the soil and annual tilling, what impact vill these practices have on respiration? driving: tilling: 12. Besides eliminating these management practices, name a practice that could be added which would have a positive impact on soil organic matter content and porosity. How would that practice help soil organic matter content and porosity? Moderately low that have little or no organic marginal biological activity and matter organic matter Soil respiration activity* Very low Dry, sandy soils Soils with Table 2.-Basic soil biological quality Medium Soils that have a moderately balanced condition and to which organic matter has been added Approximate level of CO₂-respiration Ideal Soils with sufficient organic matter content and populations of active micro-organisms Unusually high Soils with excessive organic matter content 300 to 500 mg <300 mg CO2- CO2-C/kg C/kg soil/week 500 to 1000 mg CO₂- C/kg soil/week 1,000 to 2,000 mg CO2- C/kg soil/week >2,000 mg soil/week CO₂-C/kg soil/week <9.5 lbs CO2- 9.5 to 16 lbs CO2- 16 to 32 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day 32 to 64 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day C/acre- 3 in/day C/acre-3 in/day >64 lbs CO2- C/acre-3 in/day Approximate quantity of nitrogen (N) release per year (normal climatic conditions) <10 lbs/acre 10 to 20 lbs/acre 20 to 40 lbs/acre 40 to 80 lbs/acre 80 to >160 Ibs/acre * Under optimum soil temperature and moisture conditions. **Doran, J., and W. Brinton. 2001. Soil quality correlation of basal respiration and N mineralization over time using intact 3-inch field soil cores under optimal temperature and moisture in the lab. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. More accurate estimates of yearly potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) release with optimal re- wetting of air-dry soils can be made using the SolvitaⓇ soil CO2 burst test and calculator. p. 17 of 17) 23 Edited from D. Steer, The Good Earth. Also created by K. Sasowsky (Sup. Ex.3, 7, 6a, parts of Sup. Ex. A&B, part, 24, 25, 38, Sup. Alt. Energy 1 and 2, Sup. Switch the Energy Project Discussion Questions); copyrights retained by authors, 2021.
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Recommended textbooks for you
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science …
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science …
Earth Science
ISBN:
9780134746241
Author:
Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:
PEARSON
Exercises for Weather & Climate (9th Edition)
Exercises for Weather & Climate (9th Edition)
Earth Science
ISBN:
9780134041360
Author:
Greg Carbone
Publisher:
PEARSON
Environmental Science
Environmental Science
Earth Science
ISBN:
9781260153125
Author:
William P Cunningham Prof., Mary Ann Cunningham Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Earth Science (15th Edition)
Earth Science (15th Edition)
Earth Science
ISBN:
9780134543536
Author:
Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:
PEARSON
Environmental Science (MindTap Course List)
Environmental Science (MindTap Course List)
Earth Science
ISBN:
9781337569613
Author:
G. Tyler Miller, Scott Spoolman
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Physical Geology
Physical Geology
Earth Science
ISBN:
9781259916823
Author:
Plummer, Charles C., CARLSON, Diane H., Hammersley, Lisa
Publisher:
Mcgraw-hill Education,
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS