Earth is required to be excavated from borrow pits for building an embankment. The wet unit weight of undisturbed soil is 18 kN/m³ and its water content is 8%. In order to build a 4 m high embankment with top width 2 m and side slopes 1:1, estimate the quantity of earth required to be excavated per meter length of embankment. The dry unit weight required in the embankment is 15 kN/m³ with a moisture content of 10%. Assume the specific gravity of solids as 2.67. Also determine the void ratios and the degree of saturation of the soil in both the undisturbed and remolded states. 2 m 4 m

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Sediment transport

Sediment transport or Soil transport is the movement of solid particles, usually due to the combination of gravitational forces acting on the sediment, and the movement of the liquid at which the sediment enters. Soil erosion occurs in natural systems where the particles are sandstones (sand, rocks), mud, or clay; the liquid is air, water, or ice; and the gravitational force that works to move particles to the landing surface. Sediment transportation or soil migration due to the movement of liquids occurs in rivers, lakes, lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water as a result of currents and waves. Transportation is also caused by glaciers as they flow, and to places on earth under the influence of wind. Soil erosion due to gravity alone is possible in most sloping areas, including hills, scarves, cliffs, and the continental shelf — the continental boundary of the slope.