States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Determine the molar concentration of each ion present in the solutions that result from each of the following mixtures:
(Disregard the concentration of H+ and OH- from water and assume that volumes are additive.)
(a) 47.9 mL of 0.85 M HCl and 77.6 mL of 1.51 M HCl
M H+=
M Cl-=
(b) 125 mL of 0.63 M CaCl2 and 125 mL of 0.22 M CaCl2
M Ca2+=
M Cl-=
(c) 31.0 mL of 0.333 M NaOH and 22.7 mL of 0.241 M HCl
M Na+=
M Cl-=
M H+=
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