Each problem describes a research situation and the data it produces. Identify the statistical procedure or test that is appropriate for the data. Choose whether the problem requires one of the following: Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviations, Percentiles), one-sample t-test, Independent-measures t-test, Independent-measures ANOVAs (One-factor or Two-factor), Repeated-measures ANOVA, Linear Regression, Chi-Square Goodness-of-fit, Chi-Square Test of independence. 1) A researcher would like to determine whether infants, age 2 to 3 months, show any evidence of color preference. The babies are positioned in front of a screen on which a set of four colored patches is presented. The four colors are red, green, blue, and yellow. The researcher measures the amount of time each infant looks at each of the four colors during a 30 second test period. The color with the greatest time is identified as the preferred color for the child. 2) There is some evidence suggesting that you are likely to improve your test score if you rethink and change answers on a multiple-choice exam (Johnston, 1975). To examine this phenomenon, a teacher encouraged students to reconsider their answers before turning in exams. Students were asked to record their original answers and the changes that they made. When the exams were collected, the teacher found that 18 students improved their grades by changing answers and only 7 students had lower grades with the changes. The teacher would like to know if this is a statistically significant result. 3) To examine the effect of sleep deprivation on motorskills performance, a sample of n = 10 participants was tested on a motor-skills task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, tested again after 36 hours, and tested once more after 48 hours. The dependent variable is the number of errors made on the motor-skills task.
Each problem describes a research situation and the data it produces. Identify the statistical procedure or test that is appropriate for the data.
Choose whether the problem requires one of the following:
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1) A researcher would like to determine whether infants, age 2 to 3 months, show any evidence of color preference. The babies are positioned in front of a screen on which a set of four colored patches is presented. The four colors are red, green, blue, and yellow. The researcher measures the amount of time each infant looks at each of the four colors during a 30 second test period. The color with the greatest time is identified as the preferred color for the child. |
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2) There is some evidence suggesting that you are likely to improve your test score if you rethink and change answers on a multiple-choice exam (Johnston, 1975). To examine this phenomenon, a teacher encouraged students to reconsider their answers before turning in exams. Students were asked to record their original answers and the changes that they made. When the exams were collected, the teacher found that 18 students improved their grades by changing answers and only 7 students had lower grades with the changes. The teacher would like to know if this is a statistically significant result. |
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3) To examine the effect of sleep deprivation on motorskills performance, a sample of n = 10 participants was tested on a motor-skills task after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, tested again after 36 hours, and tested once more after 48 hours. The dependent variable is the number of errors made on the motor-skills task. |
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