1.First identify the longest carbon chain.
2. The carbon atoms of the parent chain are numbered to identify the parent alkane and to locate the positions of the carbon atoms at which branching takes place due to the substitution of alkyl groups in place of hydrogen atoms. The numbering is done in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible numbers.
3. The names of alkyl groups attached as a branch are then prefixed to the name of the parent alkane and position of the substituents is indicated by the appropriate numbers. If different alkyl groups are present, they are listed in alphabetical order.
4. If two or more identical substituent groups are present then the numbers are separated by commas. The names of identical substituents are not repeated, instead prefixes such as di (for 2), tri (for 3), tetra (for 4), penta (for 5), hexa (for 6) etc. are used.
5. If the two substituents are found in equivalent positions, the lower number is given to the one coming first in the alphabetical listing.
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