e Interested in the heights of students at a particular middle school. Your data set represents the heights of all students in the middle school with 600 students.

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Author:Amos Gilat
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**Understanding Standard Deviation in Data Sets**

**Objective:**
For the following data set, you are interested in determining the "spread" of the data.

**Question:**
Would you employ calculations for the sample standard deviation, or population standard deviation for this data set:

**Scenario:**
- You are interested in the heights of students at a particular middle school. Your data set represents the heights of all students in the middle school with 600 students.

**Instructions:**
Select the correct answer below:

- ○ Use calculations for sample standard deviation.
- ○ Use calculations for population standard deviation.

---

**Explanation:**
When you have data that represents the entire population (in this case, all 600 students in the middle school), you use the population standard deviation to measure the spread. If the data represented a sample (a subset) of a larger population, you would use the sample standard deviation.

Population Standard Deviation (σ) formula is:
\[ \sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (x_i - \mu)^2} \]

Sample Standard Deviation (s) formula is:
\[ s = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2} \]

Where:
- \( N \) is the size of the population.
- \( n \) is the size of the sample.
- \( \mu \) is the mean of the population.
- \( \bar{x} \) is the mean of the sample.
- \( x_i \) represents individual data points.

In this case, since the data set represents **all 600 students**, you should use calculations for the **population standard deviation**.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Standard Deviation in Data Sets** **Objective:** For the following data set, you are interested in determining the "spread" of the data. **Question:** Would you employ calculations for the sample standard deviation, or population standard deviation for this data set: **Scenario:** - You are interested in the heights of students at a particular middle school. Your data set represents the heights of all students in the middle school with 600 students. **Instructions:** Select the correct answer below: - ○ Use calculations for sample standard deviation. - ○ Use calculations for population standard deviation. --- **Explanation:** When you have data that represents the entire population (in this case, all 600 students in the middle school), you use the population standard deviation to measure the spread. If the data represented a sample (a subset) of a larger population, you would use the sample standard deviation. Population Standard Deviation (σ) formula is: \[ \sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (x_i - \mu)^2} \] Sample Standard Deviation (s) formula is: \[ s = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2} \] Where: - \( N \) is the size of the population. - \( n \) is the size of the sample. - \( \mu \) is the mean of the population. - \( \bar{x} \) is the mean of the sample. - \( x_i \) represents individual data points. In this case, since the data set represents **all 600 students**, you should use calculations for the **population standard deviation**.
Carlos and Devon both accepted new jobs at different companies. Carlos's starting salary is $31,000 and Devon's starting salary is $36,000. They are curious to know who has a better starting salary when compared to the salary distributions at their new employers.

A website that collects salary information from a sample of employees for a number of major employers reports that Carlos's company offers a mean salary of $53,000 with a standard deviation of $10,000. Devon's company offers a mean salary of $48,000 with a standard deviation of $5,000.

Find the z-scores corresponding to each of their starting salaries. Round to two decimal places, if necessary.

Provide your answer below:

Carlos's z-score: [       ]

Devon's z-score: [       ]
Transcribed Image Text:Carlos and Devon both accepted new jobs at different companies. Carlos's starting salary is $31,000 and Devon's starting salary is $36,000. They are curious to know who has a better starting salary when compared to the salary distributions at their new employers. A website that collects salary information from a sample of employees for a number of major employers reports that Carlos's company offers a mean salary of $53,000 with a standard deviation of $10,000. Devon's company offers a mean salary of $48,000 with a standard deviation of $5,000. Find the z-scores corresponding to each of their starting salaries. Round to two decimal places, if necessary. Provide your answer below: Carlos's z-score: [ ] Devon's z-score: [ ]
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