Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285741550
Author:James Stewart
Publisher:James Stewart
Chapter1: Functions And Models
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RCC: (a) What is a function? What are its domain and range? (b) What is the graph of a function? (c) How...
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![**Problem Statement**: A student solves the following integral:
\[
\int_{0}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} = \left[ -\frac{1}{x-1} \right]_{0}^{2} = -1 - 1 = -2
\]
**Explanation of the Mistake**:
The student evaluated the indefinite integral correctly when they found that the antiderivative of \(\frac{1}{(x-1)^2}\) is \(-\frac{1}{x-1}\). However, the mistake occurred during the evaluation of the definite integral's limits from 0 to 2:
When calculating \(\left[ -\frac{1}{x-1} \right]_{0}^{2}\), the student should have recognized that \(x = 1\) is a point of discontinuity. Specifically, \(-\frac{1}{x-1}\) becomes undefined when \(x = 1\). The student incorrectly assessed both the limit evaluations at \(x=0\) and \(x=2\) without addressing this discontinuity, leading to an incorrect solution.
**Correct Solution**:
1. **Evaluate Limit as \(x\) Approaches 1**:
- Recognize that the integral is improper due to the discontinuity at \(x = 1\).
2. **Split the Integral**:
\[
\int_{0}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} + \int_{1}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}
\]
3. **Evaluate Each Integral Separately**:
- For \(\int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}\), calculate the limit as \(x\) approaches 1 from the left.
- For \(\int_{1}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}\), calculate the limit as \(x\) approaches 1 from the right.
4. **Note Divergence**:
- Both limits diverge as they approach infinity.
Thus, the integral diverges to \(\infty\) due to the discontinuity, indicating that the improper integral is undefined over](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F25623933-adaa-4674-a5a0-c7198921edd9%2F8fcf73d7-cd50-4e29-a08e-1753bf7440ad%2F5cxijz_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem Statement**: A student solves the following integral:
\[
\int_{0}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} = \left[ -\frac{1}{x-1} \right]_{0}^{2} = -1 - 1 = -2
\]
**Explanation of the Mistake**:
The student evaluated the indefinite integral correctly when they found that the antiderivative of \(\frac{1}{(x-1)^2}\) is \(-\frac{1}{x-1}\). However, the mistake occurred during the evaluation of the definite integral's limits from 0 to 2:
When calculating \(\left[ -\frac{1}{x-1} \right]_{0}^{2}\), the student should have recognized that \(x = 1\) is a point of discontinuity. Specifically, \(-\frac{1}{x-1}\) becomes undefined when \(x = 1\). The student incorrectly assessed both the limit evaluations at \(x=0\) and \(x=2\) without addressing this discontinuity, leading to an incorrect solution.
**Correct Solution**:
1. **Evaluate Limit as \(x\) Approaches 1**:
- Recognize that the integral is improper due to the discontinuity at \(x = 1\).
2. **Split the Integral**:
\[
\int_{0}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}} + \int_{1}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}
\]
3. **Evaluate Each Integral Separately**:
- For \(\int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}\), calculate the limit as \(x\) approaches 1 from the left.
- For \(\int_{1}^{2} \frac{dx}{(x-1)^{2}}\), calculate the limit as \(x\) approaches 1 from the right.
4. **Note Divergence**:
- Both limits diverge as they approach infinity.
Thus, the integral diverges to \(\infty\) due to the discontinuity, indicating that the improper integral is undefined over
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