During the cell cycle, in which sub-phase(s) of interphase does the cell replicate its chromosomes?a. G1 phaseb.S phaseOc. G2 phaseOd. G1 and G2 phasesOe. G1, S, and G2 phasesе.QUESTION 48With regard to the process of mitosis, which of the following pairs is NOT matched correctly?a. Interphase - the cell grows, chromosomes replicate, and proteins are produced to prepare thecell to divideb. Prophase - chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane dissociates/breaks downc. Metaphase - chromosomes move toward opposite poles (or sides) of the celld. Anaphase - sister chromatids separatee. Telophase - two distinct nuclei are formed; this is the stage immediately before cytokinesis

Cell cycle is a chain of events that takes place within a cell leading to its division into two daughter cells. These events will include duplication of DNA and some of its organelles, partitioning of cytoplasm and other components into those two daughter cells. The portion of the cell cycle which is not accompanied by observable changes under the microscope is an Interphase. During this phase, the cell grows and prepares for division, replicates its DNA and prepares for mitosis. During the cell cycle, in which sub-phase(s) of Interphase does the cell replicate its chromosome? Correct Answer: (b) S Phase Rationale: In the S or Synthesis Phase the cell synthesizes its DNA and the amount of DNA is doubled but the number of chromosomes remains constant through the semiconservative replication. The cell grows and functions normally in G1 Phase. Protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows up to double of its original size at least and more organelles are produced. Volume of cytoplasm increases as well. The cell resumes its growth in the G2 Phase and prepares for division. The mitochondria divides and the cell continues to grow until mitosis initiates. Answer 48: (c) Metaphase - chromosomes move toward opposite poles (or sides) of the cell Rationale: During Metaphase, the chromosomes are at their condensed and coiled form. Chromosomes get aligned in the equator of the cell. The centromeres convene themselves on the metaphase or equatorial plate which is an imaginary line equidistant from the two centrosome poles. During Anaphase, following the Metaphase, replicated chromosomes split and newly copied chromosomes or the daughter chromatids move to the opposite poles of the cell. Centromeres split up and sister chromatids get pulled towards the poles by the kinetochore microtubules. They take a V-shape or Y-shape while being pulled to either pole.