ds, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments • In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). eli of • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer ur at invisible infrared wavelengths, in the bi ever, do not n "air" tempera evaporation o away from air land basks in er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commo therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essen In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hum suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Create a conceptual question out of any of these topics
at
is
ky
he
air
ar
re
ne
at
nt
W
d
it
e
).
e
i-
rk sur-
and are heated more
by-than light ones. Black beetles, for instance, absorb the
visible and near-visible wavelengths relatively well, whereas
light colored beetles tend more to reflect these wavelengths
and absorb them relatively poorly. Animals that can change
their skin color, such as many species of lizards, can increase
and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening
and lightening, respectively.
SUMMARY
Heat Transfer between Animals and
Their Environments
. In addition to making heat metabolically, animals
exchange heat with their environments by conduc-
tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An
animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and
losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals
the sum total of losses.
• Conduction and convection have in common the prop-
erty that when heat moves through a material substance
by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the
substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc-
tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically
motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat
transfer brought about by flow of a material substance
(e.g., by wind).
• Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat
transfer because the change of state of water from a liq-
uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa-
ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo-
ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor.
• Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of
beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that
travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of
thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange
heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer
in the biosphere occur at invisible infrared wavelengths,
and net heat transfer is from the object with higher
surface temperature to the one with lower surface
temperature. Visible color, however, is a major factor
in how well objects absorb the visible and near-visible
wavelengths of solar radiation.
20mest
10160
thermy)
ectoth
mine the body
Poikilother
whether an an
therms typical
the same as wa
ever, do not n
"air" temperat
evaporation o
away from air
land basks in E
er than the air
the definitior
body temper
with the sum
A commc
therms "mus
and thus be
whale shark-
kg and are t
tion. As larg
body of wat
loses heat as
are at essent
In nonsc
mals are oft
the touch u
have high
For examp
poikilother
exceed hun
suitable ge
Poikilot
over the
The natura
place to p
the tempe
than that
might be
ally choo
control th
If a po
body ter
regulatic
simple.
(such as
Transcribed Image Text:at is ky he air ar re ne at nt W d it e ). e i- rk sur- and are heated more by-than light ones. Black beetles, for instance, absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths relatively well, whereas light colored beetles tend more to reflect these wavelengths and absorb them relatively poorly. Animals that can change their skin color, such as many species of lizards, can increase and decrease the solar heating of their bodies by darkening and lightening, respectively. SUMMARY Heat Transfer between Animals and Their Environments . In addition to making heat metabolically, animals exchange heat with their environments by conduc- tion, convection, evaporation, and thermal radiation. An animal's body temperature depends on heat gains and losses; it is constant only if the sum total of gains equals the sum total of losses. • Conduction and convection have in common the prop- erty that when heat moves through a material substance by either mechanism, the atoms and molecules of the substance participate in the transfer of heat. Conduc- tion occurs when a material substance is macroscopically motionless. Convection, which is much faster, is heat transfer brought about by flow of a material substance (e.g., by wind). • Evaporation is a potentially potent mechanism for heat transfer because the change of state of water from a liq- uid to a gas absorbs a great deal of heat per gram of wa- ter. The heat is absorbed from the surface where evapo- ration occurs and is carried away with the water vapor. • Thermal-radiation heat transfer occurs by means of beams of radiant energy that all objects emit and that travel between objects at the speed of light. Because of thermal-radiation heat transfer, objects can exchange heat at a distance. Most instances of such heat transfer in the biosphere occur at invisible infrared wavelengths, and net heat transfer is from the object with higher surface temperature to the one with lower surface temperature. Visible color, however, is a major factor in how well objects absorb the visible and near-visible wavelengths of solar radiation. 20mest 10160 thermy) ectoth mine the body Poikilother whether an an therms typical the same as wa ever, do not n "air" temperat evaporation o away from air land basks in E er than the air the definitior body temper with the sum A commc therms "mus and thus be whale shark- kg and are t tion. As larg body of wat loses heat as are at essent In nonsc mals are oft the touch u have high For examp poikilother exceed hun suitable ge Poikilot over the The natura place to p the tempe than that might be ally choo control th If a po body ter regulatic simple. (such as
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