Drawing H3O+ -OH Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges Draw or tap a new bond to see suggestions. ← Undo Ⓒ Remove

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Please draw the structure in the shape of the outlines

### Organic Chemistry: Determining Reaction Product

**Objective:**
Learn how to determine the starting structure for a given major product under specific reaction conditions.

---

**Instructions:**

1. **Problem Statement:**
   - "Draw the starting structure that would lead to this major product under these conditions."

2. **Reaction Conditions:**
   - The reaction is carried out in the presence of hydronium ion (\(H_3O^+\)).

3. **Product Structure:**
   - The major product is a cycloalkane with a hydroxyl group and an ethyl group. The structure of the major product is given below:

     ![Target Molecule](target-molecule-structure.png)
     
     The product can be described as a cyclopentane ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) and an ethyl group (CH₂CH₃) attached to the same carbon atom.

4. **Canvas for Drawing:**
   - Use the provided hexagonal grid to draw the starting material. You have tools to draw atoms, bonds, and rings, and to indicate charges.

5. **Tools Provided:**
   - **Atoms, Bonds and Rings:** This section helps you draw different molecular structures.
   - **Charges:** Use this section to add or remove charges on atoms.
   - **Undo and Reset:** These buttons should be used to correct mistakes or start over.

6. **Tips:**
   - Consider common mechanisms like hydration, addition, or substitution.
   - Analyze the given product to guess a possible intermediate, then deduce the starting material.
   - Ensure you respect all valencies and standard bonding rules for organic molecules.

**Graphical Representation:**
- The right half of the image features a hexagonal grid where users can draw structures. The grid helps maintain geometric accuracy in molecular drawings.
- A toolbar below the hexagonal grid provides options for drawing basics (atoms, bonds, and rings) and charges. It also has 'Undo' and 'Reset' buttons for editing.

**Conclusion:**
Using the provided tools and understanding of organic reactions, students can determine and draw the starting structure that gives the major product under the given conditions. This exercise reinforces knowledge on reaction mechanisms and structural determination in organic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry: Determining Reaction Product **Objective:** Learn how to determine the starting structure for a given major product under specific reaction conditions. --- **Instructions:** 1. **Problem Statement:** - "Draw the starting structure that would lead to this major product under these conditions." 2. **Reaction Conditions:** - The reaction is carried out in the presence of hydronium ion (\(H_3O^+\)). 3. **Product Structure:** - The major product is a cycloalkane with a hydroxyl group and an ethyl group. The structure of the major product is given below: ![Target Molecule](target-molecule-structure.png) The product can be described as a cyclopentane ring with a hydroxyl group (OH) and an ethyl group (CH₂CH₃) attached to the same carbon atom. 4. **Canvas for Drawing:** - Use the provided hexagonal grid to draw the starting material. You have tools to draw atoms, bonds, and rings, and to indicate charges. 5. **Tools Provided:** - **Atoms, Bonds and Rings:** This section helps you draw different molecular structures. - **Charges:** Use this section to add or remove charges on atoms. - **Undo and Reset:** These buttons should be used to correct mistakes or start over. 6. **Tips:** - Consider common mechanisms like hydration, addition, or substitution. - Analyze the given product to guess a possible intermediate, then deduce the starting material. - Ensure you respect all valencies and standard bonding rules for organic molecules. **Graphical Representation:** - The right half of the image features a hexagonal grid where users can draw structures. The grid helps maintain geometric accuracy in molecular drawings. - A toolbar below the hexagonal grid provides options for drawing basics (atoms, bonds, and rings) and charges. It also has 'Undo' and 'Reset' buttons for editing. **Conclusion:** Using the provided tools and understanding of organic reactions, students can determine and draw the starting structure that gives the major product under the given conditions. This exercise reinforces knowledge on reaction mechanisms and structural determination in organic chemistry.
### Organic Chemistry Reaction Problem

**Question:**

Choose the reagent(s) that would be most likely to complete this reaction.

**Reaction Scheme:**

1. Starting Material: A molecule with a single double bond between two carbons and propyl and ethyl substituents.
   
2. **Reagent Section:** (Depicted with two dashed red boxes for selecting reagents)

3. Product: A molecule with two bromine atoms added across the double bond, converting it into a single bond, with one bromine attached to each of the previously double bonded carbons.

**Answer Choices:**

- **A.** 
  - Reagent: \( Br_2 \)
  
- **B.** 
  - Reagents: \( Br_2 \), \( H_2O \)
 
- **C.** 
  - Reagents:
    1. \( BH_3 \cdot THF \)
    2. \( H_2O_2 \), \( NaOH \)
   
- **D.** 
  - Reagents:
    1. \( Hg(OAc)_2 \), \( H_2O \)
    2. \( NaBH_4 \), \( NaOH \)

- **E.** 
  - Reagent: \( RCO_3H \)

**Explanation:**

This problem involves the addition reactions to alkenes, common in organic chemistry. The product structure suggests that a halogen has been added across the double bond, which is a typical result of halogenation reactions.

**Graph/Diagrams Explanation:**

The problem visualizes a chemical reaction process:

1. **Starting Material Graph:** Structure with a carbon double bond.
2. **Reaction Step:** Indicated by two dashed boxes, implying two reagents may be needed.
3. **End Product Graph:** Structure showing addition of bromine atoms across the original double bond.

This reaction emphasizes understanding halogenation and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. The correct reagent choice turns the initial double bond into a single bond with added groups.

For completion, review the mechanisms and outcomes of halogenation, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-demercuration, and epoxidation reactions. Evaluate why **Reagent A ( \( Br_2 \) )** is appropriate for adding two bromine atoms across the double bond.

---
### Analysis and Conclusion

Based on the data presented:
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Reaction Problem **Question:** Choose the reagent(s) that would be most likely to complete this reaction. **Reaction Scheme:** 1. Starting Material: A molecule with a single double bond between two carbons and propyl and ethyl substituents. 2. **Reagent Section:** (Depicted with two dashed red boxes for selecting reagents) 3. Product: A molecule with two bromine atoms added across the double bond, converting it into a single bond, with one bromine attached to each of the previously double bonded carbons. **Answer Choices:** - **A.** - Reagent: \( Br_2 \) - **B.** - Reagents: \( Br_2 \), \( H_2O \) - **C.** - Reagents: 1. \( BH_3 \cdot THF \) 2. \( H_2O_2 \), \( NaOH \) - **D.** - Reagents: 1. \( Hg(OAc)_2 \), \( H_2O \) 2. \( NaBH_4 \), \( NaOH \) - **E.** - Reagent: \( RCO_3H \) **Explanation:** This problem involves the addition reactions to alkenes, common in organic chemistry. The product structure suggests that a halogen has been added across the double bond, which is a typical result of halogenation reactions. **Graph/Diagrams Explanation:** The problem visualizes a chemical reaction process: 1. **Starting Material Graph:** Structure with a carbon double bond. 2. **Reaction Step:** Indicated by two dashed boxes, implying two reagents may be needed. 3. **End Product Graph:** Structure showing addition of bromine atoms across the original double bond. This reaction emphasizes understanding halogenation and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry. The correct reagent choice turns the initial double bond into a single bond with added groups. For completion, review the mechanisms and outcomes of halogenation, hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-demercuration, and epoxidation reactions. Evaluate why **Reagent A ( \( Br_2 \) )** is appropriate for adding two bromine atoms across the double bond. --- ### Analysis and Conclusion Based on the data presented:
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