Drawing: A round rod of annealed 302 stainless steel (K = 1300 MPa and n = 0.3) is being drawn from a diameter of 15 mm to a diameter of 12 mm at a speed 0.25 m/s, using a semidie angle of 8°. a. Calculate the percentage reduction, the applied force due to ideal deformation, friction, and inhomogeneous deformation. Assume coefficient of friction of 0.1. b. Calculate the required power, process efficiency, and the die pressure at the exit.

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Strain energy

The term strain indicates the variation in an object's length, area, and volume when the object is subjected to an external force. The external force may be of normal, shear, moment, torque, etc. The strain in an object depends on the types of external force and cross-section of the object. Mathematically, the evaluation of strain can be obtained with the help of elastic constants.