Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Draw the product to each of the following reactions and then indicate whether the reaction is Sn1, Sn2, E1 or E2
![## Chemistry Reactions Analysis
---
### Reaction k
![Reaction k]
**Reactants:**
- Cyclopentane with a chlorine substituent (Cl) on one of the carbon atoms, depicting a leaving group.
- Sodium ethoxide (NaOCH₂CH₃).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
### Reaction l
![Reaction l]
**Reactants:**
- Cyclopentane with a bromine substituent (Br) on one of the carbon atoms, depicting a leaving group.
- Ethanethiol (HSCH₂CH₃).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
### Reaction m
![Reaction m]
**Reactants:**
- Benzene ring with a chlorine substituent (Cl) attached to one of the carbon atoms.
- Sodium methoxide (NaO-).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
These reactions are important for understanding nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions in organic chemistry. To determine the mechanism (SN1, SN2, E1, or E2), students should consider factors such as:
- The structure of the substrate (primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon).
- The strength and nature of the nucleophile or base.
- Solvent effects.
- The nature of the leaving group.
Analyze each reaction considering the above factors to predict the mechanism and the substitution products.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb00ff254-c89e-4d98-9f37-4465f02914e3%2F52d8766b-ebee-4375-8d61-1860a974c339%2F1lbrb3k_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:## Chemistry Reactions Analysis
---
### Reaction k
![Reaction k]
**Reactants:**
- Cyclopentane with a chlorine substituent (Cl) on one of the carbon atoms, depicting a leaving group.
- Sodium ethoxide (NaOCH₂CH₃).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
### Reaction l
![Reaction l]
**Reactants:**
- Cyclopentane with a bromine substituent (Br) on one of the carbon atoms, depicting a leaving group.
- Ethanethiol (HSCH₂CH₃).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
### Reaction m
![Reaction m]
**Reactants:**
- Benzene ring with a chlorine substituent (Cl) attached to one of the carbon atoms.
- Sodium methoxide (NaO-).
**Question:**
Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?
**Substitution Product(s):**
(To be determined by the user based on the reaction conditions and type.)
---
These reactions are important for understanding nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions in organic chemistry. To determine the mechanism (SN1, SN2, E1, or E2), students should consider factors such as:
- The structure of the substrate (primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon).
- The strength and nature of the nucleophile or base.
- Solvent effects.
- The nature of the leaving group.
Analyze each reaction considering the above factors to predict the mechanism and the substitution products.
- **Reactants:** Cyclohexyl bromide
- **Reagent:** DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?**
### Question h.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** tert-Butyl bromide
- **Reagent:** HO- in acetic acid solvent
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?**
**Note:**
- Substitution product(s) to be identified
### Question i.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** tert-Butyl chloride
- **Reagent:** NaSH (Sodium hydrogen sulfide)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?**
**Note:**
- Substitution product(s) to be identified
### Question j.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** Cyclohexyl bromide
- **Reagent:** DBN (1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?**
### Explanation of Diagrams
Each reaction diagram presents a starting compound (alkyl halide) and a reagent that drives the reaction toward a specific mechanism route—whether substitution or elimination. Information on the substituents and reagents gives insight into predicting the reaction pathway:
- **SN1 (Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Typically involves a two-step mechanism where the rate-determining step involves carbocation formation. Common in tertiary alkyl halides.
- **SN2 (Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Involves a one-step mechanism with a direct nucleophilic attack, leading to simultaneous bond formation and breaking. Seen in primary and secondary alkyl halides.
- **E1 (Unimolecular Elimination):](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb00ff254-c89e-4d98-9f37-4465f02914e3%2F52d8766b-ebee-4375-8d61-1860a974c339%2Fu6l39f5_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:## Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanisms
### Question g.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** Cyclohexyl bromide
- **Reagent:** DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?**
### Question h.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** tert-Butyl bromide
- **Reagent:** HO- in acetic acid solvent
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?**
**Note:**
- Substitution product(s) to be identified
### Question i.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** tert-Butyl chloride
- **Reagent:** NaSH (Sodium hydrogen sulfide)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1 or SN2?**
**Note:**
- Substitution product(s) to be identified
### Question j.
**Reaction Scheme:**
- **Reactants:** Cyclohexyl bromide
- **Reagent:** DBN (1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene)
- **Product:** Not shown
**Question:**
- **Is this reaction SN1, SN2, E1, or E2?**
### Explanation of Diagrams
Each reaction diagram presents a starting compound (alkyl halide) and a reagent that drives the reaction toward a specific mechanism route—whether substitution or elimination. Information on the substituents and reagents gives insight into predicting the reaction pathway:
- **SN1 (Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Typically involves a two-step mechanism where the rate-determining step involves carbocation formation. Common in tertiary alkyl halides.
- **SN2 (Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution):** Involves a one-step mechanism with a direct nucleophilic attack, leading to simultaneous bond formation and breaking. Seen in primary and secondary alkyl halides.
- **E1 (Unimolecular Elimination):
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