Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw the major product of the each of the reactions in the presence of acid and water and the oxidizing agent shown.
![Alcohols are a key intermediate in organic synthesis since they can oxidized to carbonyl containing functional
groups.
In this tutorial, we will cover:
1. what happens in an oxidation reaction
2. oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
3. oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids
4. oxidation reagents and how we can control oxidation
Oxidation reactions in organic chemistry have historically used chromium reagents for alcohol oxidation. In textbooks, these
are shown as Cr(VI), K,Cr,O,, Na, Cr,O,, or CrO3. Oxidation of secondary alcohols with chromium reagents are typically
carried out in aqueous acid, which convert the chromium reagent to chromic acid (H,CrO,). The mechanism can be thought
of as installing a good leaving group onto the oxygen. The key step is an elimination, where the hydrogen is abstracted,
forming a new T bond and kicking off the leaving group.
нӧ:
K2Cr207
-он
H.
Primary alcohols react under the same conditions to give carboxylic acids. Why does this occur? Primary alcohols will
undergo oxidation to an aldehyde, but the presence of the aqueous acid leads to formation of a diol, which can be further
oxidized to the carboxylic acid. The diol can undergo the same reaction with chromium and oxidation to remove
two hydrogens.
НО
НО
[0]
H20
OH
[0]
H.
H.
H.
HO.
H
Draw the major product of the each of the reactions in the presence of acid and water and the oxidizing agent shown.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3129c971-f425-413a-93d6-6547672e04e6%2F72a20bc7-c0ac-4975-a9e8-d7ac9d93d27d%2Fuc59jk9_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Alcohols are a key intermediate in organic synthesis since they can oxidized to carbonyl containing functional
groups.
In this tutorial, we will cover:
1. what happens in an oxidation reaction
2. oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
3. oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids
4. oxidation reagents and how we can control oxidation
Oxidation reactions in organic chemistry have historically used chromium reagents for alcohol oxidation. In textbooks, these
are shown as Cr(VI), K,Cr,O,, Na, Cr,O,, or CrO3. Oxidation of secondary alcohols with chromium reagents are typically
carried out in aqueous acid, which convert the chromium reagent to chromic acid (H,CrO,). The mechanism can be thought
of as installing a good leaving group onto the oxygen. The key step is an elimination, where the hydrogen is abstracted,
forming a new T bond and kicking off the leaving group.
нӧ:
K2Cr207
-он
H.
Primary alcohols react under the same conditions to give carboxylic acids. Why does this occur? Primary alcohols will
undergo oxidation to an aldehyde, but the presence of the aqueous acid leads to formation of a diol, which can be further
oxidized to the carboxylic acid. The diol can undergo the same reaction with chromium and oxidation to remove
two hydrogens.
НО
НО
[0]
H20
OH
[0]
H.
H.
H.
HO.
H
Draw the major product of the each of the reactions in the presence of acid and water and the oxidizing agent shown.
Transcribed Image Text:Draw the product of Reaction A
Select
Draw
Rings
More
Erase
H
Reaction A
OH
K2Cr,O7
Draw the product of Reaction B.
Select
Draw
Rings
More
Erase
| 7 || |
H
Reaction B
OH
K2Cr2O7
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