Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
3c
Transcribed Image Text:**Instructions for Organic Reaction Processes**
Below are two organic reaction prompts for which you are required to identify the major product and illustrate all necessary reaction mechanisms including arrows and steps.
1. **First Reaction:**
- **Reactant:** A secondary alcohol featuring a branched alkyl group.
- **Reagent:** Concentrated sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)).
- **Task:** Identify the major organic product and illustrate the step-by-step mechanism involving protonation, dehydration to form the alkene, and any potential rearrangements.
2. **Second Reaction:**
- **Reactant:** A three-membered cyclic ether with two phenyl groups attached to a central carbon atom.
- **Reagent:** Hydrobromic acid (HBr).
- **Task:** Determine the major organic product, explaining the ring-opening mechanism and any regioselectivity or stereochemical considerations due to the presence of phenyl groups.
**Diagrams Explanation:**
- The first diagram shows an alcohol functional group, marked by an -OH at the end of a branched alkyl chain.
- The second diagram features an epoxide (three-membered cyclic ether) with phenyl groups attached to the central atom, indicating places susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
Ensure to demonstrate thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms, stability of intermediates, and the factors influencing the formation of the major product.
Expert Solution
Step 1 Theory
Alcohols undergo dehydration in the presence of concentrated acid to give alkene through a carbocation intermediate.
A highly substituted alkene due to its higher stability is formed as the major product.
Epoxides in the presence of acid give reaction through Sn1 mechanism.
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