Draw the Lewis symbols for each of the following elements, both before reaction and after reaction to obtain a complete shell: Before reaction... After reaction... Br Ве

Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Title: Understanding Lewis Symbols for Elements**

**Introduction:**
Lewis symbols are a simple way to represent the valence electrons of an element. The dots around the symbols indicate the number of valence electrons, which play a key role in chemical bonding. The goal is to achieve a complete shell, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration.

**Instructions:**
Draw the Lewis symbols for each of the following elements, both before and after a chemical reaction, to illustrate how they achieve a complete electron shell.

**Elements:**

1. **Phosphorus (P):**
   - Before Reaction: Draw five dots around the letter 'P' to represent its five valence electrons.
   - After Reaction: Illustrate the complete octet by showing a complete set of eight dots around 'P'.

2. **Bromine (Br):**
   - Before Reaction: Draw seven dots around the letter 'Br', indicating its seven valence electrons.
   - After Reaction: Show the completed shell by adding an additional electron, resulting in eight dots.

3. **Sulfur (S):**
   - Before Reaction: Place six dots around the letter 'S' to denote its six valence electrons.
   - After Reaction: Add two more dots to achieve a full octet.

4. **Beryllium (Be):**
   - Before Reaction: Represent by two dots around 'Be' for its two valence electrons.
   - After Reaction: Illustrate the complete shell with no dots, as Beryllium often loses its two valence electrons to achieve a stable configuration similar to helium.

**Conclusion:**
These Lewis symbols help visualize the electron transfer or sharing that occurs during chemical reactions, assisting in the prediction of bond formations between elements.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Lewis Symbols for Elements** **Introduction:** Lewis symbols are a simple way to represent the valence electrons of an element. The dots around the symbols indicate the number of valence electrons, which play a key role in chemical bonding. The goal is to achieve a complete shell, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration. **Instructions:** Draw the Lewis symbols for each of the following elements, both before and after a chemical reaction, to illustrate how they achieve a complete electron shell. **Elements:** 1. **Phosphorus (P):** - Before Reaction: Draw five dots around the letter 'P' to represent its five valence electrons. - After Reaction: Illustrate the complete octet by showing a complete set of eight dots around 'P'. 2. **Bromine (Br):** - Before Reaction: Draw seven dots around the letter 'Br', indicating its seven valence electrons. - After Reaction: Show the completed shell by adding an additional electron, resulting in eight dots. 3. **Sulfur (S):** - Before Reaction: Place six dots around the letter 'S' to denote its six valence electrons. - After Reaction: Add two more dots to achieve a full octet. 4. **Beryllium (Be):** - Before Reaction: Represent by two dots around 'Be' for its two valence electrons. - After Reaction: Illustrate the complete shell with no dots, as Beryllium often loses its two valence electrons to achieve a stable configuration similar to helium. **Conclusion:** These Lewis symbols help visualize the electron transfer or sharing that occurs during chemical reactions, assisting in the prediction of bond formations between elements.
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