Draw the Lewis structure (this may be done on notebook paper and attached as photos) 3. Count the number of bonds and lone pairs on the central atom (lone pairs are not shown on the models only your Lewis Structure) 4. Use bond and lone pair information to determine the shape of the molecule (linear, bent, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral) 5. Calculate the polarity of each different bond by subtracting atom electronegativities. 6. Use the bond types and shape to determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar Polarity of molecule Bond Central atom Central atom Shape of molecule Molecule Lewis Structure polarity #bonded #lone pairs atoms PH3 CH2O NH3
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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