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Draw the important resonance forms of the following anion: H- : H H H H H H

Draw the important resonance forms of the following anion: H- : H H H H H H

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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## Resonance Structures of an Anion **Prompt:** Draw the important resonance forms of the following anion: **Chemical Structure:** The given anion has the following molecular structure: - The anion features a four-carbon chain. - The first carbon (leftmost) has three hydrogen atoms attached and is single-bonded to the second carbon. - The second carbon is single-bonded to the first carbon and double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The oxygen has a negative charge represented by three lone pairs. - The second carbon is also single-bonded to the third carbon, which is single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. - The third carbon is single-bonded to the fourth carbon and double-bonded to another carbon (part of a carbon-carbon double bond). - The fourth carbon is double-bonded to the third carbon and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This structure represents a typical organic molecule with various potential resonance forms that need to be drawn to depict the true electron delocalization within the molecule. **Explanation of Resonance Forms:** In resonance structures, electrons from π bonds and lone pairs are delocalized to give a better representation of the molecule's actual electron distribution. For this molecule, the resonance structures would involve shifting of electrons such that the negative charge on the oxygen atom and the double bonds shift along the carbon chain. The specifics of moving electrons would lead to different valid resonance forms that distribute the negative charge and double bonds in various positions along the anion. This exercise is crucial for understanding the concept of resonance in organic chemistry, demonstrating how electron density can be shared across different parts of a molecule to add stability.
Transcribed Image Text:## Resonance Structures of an Anion **Prompt:** Draw the important resonance forms of the following anion: **Chemical Structure:** The given anion has the following molecular structure: - The anion features a four-carbon chain. - The first carbon (leftmost) has three hydrogen atoms attached and is single-bonded to the second carbon. - The second carbon is single-bonded to the first carbon and double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The oxygen has a negative charge represented by three lone pairs. - The second carbon is also single-bonded to the third carbon, which is single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. - The third carbon is single-bonded to the fourth carbon and double-bonded to another carbon (part of a carbon-carbon double bond). - The fourth carbon is double-bonded to the third carbon and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This structure represents a typical organic molecule with various potential resonance forms that need to be drawn to depict the true electron delocalization within the molecule. **Explanation of Resonance Forms:** In resonance structures, electrons from π bonds and lone pairs are delocalized to give a better representation of the molecule's actual electron distribution. For this molecule, the resonance structures would involve shifting of electrons such that the negative charge on the oxygen atom and the double bonds shift along the carbon chain. The specifics of moving electrons would lead to different valid resonance forms that distribute the negative charge and double bonds in various positions along the anion. This exercise is crucial for understanding the concept of resonance in organic chemistry, demonstrating how electron density can be shared across different parts of a molecule to add stability.
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