Answered: Draw or explain in a simple manner what…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Draw or explain in a simple manner what needs to be done in each step of modeling mitosis. Steps/ Procedure: 1. Tie the ends of a 10-ft (3-m) piece of string together and form a circle on the table. This represents the cell membrane of a parent cell. 2. Make a smaller circle from a 5-ft (1.5-m) piece of string to create a nuclear membrane, and place it inside the cell membrane. 3. Place 1 sock of each pair into its mate and jumble the socks inside the nuclear membrane. 4. During interphase, the cell prepares for nuclear division and DNA replicates. To simulate replication, remove a mate from each pair of socks. Match sister chromatids and connect them at their centromere by tying the matching pairs together at their centers with a small piece of string. Place them back into the nuclear membrane, jumbling them up. 5. Mitotic division now begins with prophase. During this phase, DNA condenses into chromosomes made up of 2 identical sister chromatids, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. To model prophase, remove the nuclear membrane and evenly distribute the pairs of tied-together socks inside the cell membrane. 6. During metaphase, replicated chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Simulate this using the sock chromosomes. 7. During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell. Once chromatids are pulled apart, they are now unreplicated chromosomes. Simulate anaphase by untying the sister chromatids and pulling them toward opposite sides of the cell. 8. Telophase, the last phase of mitotic division, and cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, often occur simultaneously. Cluster the unreplicated chromosomes at each side of the cell and use strings (about 3 ft [1 m]) to create a new nuclear membrane around each of the 2 clusters. Pinch the cell membrane string together until it meets between the 2 new nuclei. Cut it and tie the ends. Now you have 2 daughter cells, each with its own nucleus.

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