Draw and describe the mechanism of radical-catalysed polymerization of ethene to poly(ethene) (also known as polythene), incuding details of initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Include a representative initiator, and how it brings about initiation.
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- (a) Show how poly(propylene oxide) can be synthesized via anionic ring-opening polymerization. (b) Draw the mechanism for the initiation and first two propagation steps.(a) What is the difference between an addition polymer and a condensation polymer?(b) PVC or poly(vinyl chloride) is an addition polymer prepared by a chain of radical addition steps. Show mechanism for the propagation step (with curved single-barb arrows) for a single radical addition step, using the radicals shown, then draw the radical product. Note that the addition occurs so as to place the radical onto the CH2.(d) show termination and propogation process in polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- Discuss the characteristics of radical polymerization. Include in your answer adetailed discussion of the key phases (steps) of radical polymerization, andmention at least one initiator that can be used in radical polymerization. Give a schematic plot for the relationship between the monomer conversion and the polymer molecular weight in radical polymerisation (chain growthpolymerisation).2) For the monomer given determine what type of polymerization (radical, anionic, cationic, and/or step-wise) it will undergo most readily or if it will not undergo polymerization at all. Explain your answer. A.1SUDuLyiene is usuany poiymerized by a cationic mechanism. Explain. 14. Draw the mechanisms for the following processes in the radical polymerization of styrene in toluene: (a) initiation by cumyl peroxide; (b) propagation; (c) termination by disproportiona- tion; and (d) transfer to solvent. 15 Show the mechanieme of addition of a hutediane men
- Although styrene undergoes both cationic and anionic polymerizationequally well, one method is often preferred with substituted styrenes.Which method is preferred with each compound? Explain.1. Step-Growth Polymerization (a) Draw 2 different combinations of monomers that can be used to synthesize the following polymer and the by-products for each. .. (b) If you were asked to make this polymer on an industrial scale, which of the monomers you have selected in part (a) would you choose? In your answer, provide at least 2 engineering-related rationales your choice by considering the availability/price of the starting materials, any safety considerations for associated with using the materials/the process, or any other scalability considerations.Draw a chemical reaction scheme for the benzoyl peroxide-initiated polymerization of vinyl chloride showing the initiation, propagation and termination steps. The termination steps should include combination, disproportionation and transfer to initiator. (Assume that there is no secondary decomposition of primary radicals and that regioselective in the propagating step is 100% H-T).
- Rank the following monomers in order of increasing reactivity toward cationic polymerization (least reactive to most reactive).Q1: Clarify the differences between the cationic and anionic polymerization in propagation step.(a) Which monomer is most likely to undergo anionic polymerization? Justify your choice. ( b)Which one ismost likely to undergo cationic polymerization? Justify your choice.