Draw a mechanism for the following transformation. For the mechanism, draw the curved arrows as needed. Include lone pairs and charges in your answer. Do not draw out any hydrogen explicitly in your products. Do not use abbreviations such as Me or Ph. CH3CI AICI, 18.49d1 Draw step 1 of the mechanism. Al H,C-CI + Edit Drawing
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![**Step-by-Step Organic Chemistry Mechanism: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation**
**Question 18.49d1:**
*Task: Draw Step 1 of the Mechanism for the Following Transformation*
**Transformation Description:**
For the mechanism, draw the curved arrows as needed. Include lone pairs and charges in your answer. Do not draw out any hydrogens explicitly in your products. Do not use abbreviations such as Me or Ph.
**Reaction Overview:**
\[ \text{Benzene} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}, \text{AlCl}_3} \text{Toluene} \]
**Step 1:**
In this step, you will initiate the Friedel-Crafts alkylation by forming the electrophile.
### Reactants:
1. methyl chloride (CH₃-Cl)
2. aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)
### Diagram:
*On the left side:*
- Show the structure of methyl chloride.
- Show the structure of aluminum chloride.
**Diagram Explanation:**
1. **Methyl Chloride (CH₃-Cl)**:
- The molecule is represented with a CH₃ group bonded to a Cl atom.
2. **Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃)**:
- This is a Lewis acid, represented with an Al atom bonded to three Cl atoms.
3. **Formation of Electrophile**:
- Illustrate the interaction between the lone pair of electrons on the chlorine atom (CH₃-Cl) and the aluminum atom (AlCl₃).
**Instructions for Drawing:**
- Draw the curved arrows indicating the movement of electrons from the chlorine atom to the aluminum atom.
- Depict the formation of the complex, where AlCl₃ coordinates with CH₃-Cl.
**Begin Drawing** (using the edit drawing tool provided in the interface):
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{-Cl} + \text{AlCl}_3 \rightarrow [\text{CH}_3^+- \ \ \ \ \text{Cl-AlCl}_3^-] \arrow \]
By following these steps and correctly drawing the reaction mechanism, you'll outline the initial step of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, focusing on the formation of the electrophile. This will set the stage for the alkylation of benzene to form toluene in subsequent steps.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F233396bf-72f6-4e47-8d0d-be3130c6d58a%2Ff68315e1-0d85-4ac8-944f-31cdc4f90a60%2F7zfloqp_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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