Draw a Lewis structure for NH4+. Based on this Lewis structure, the calculated value for the formal charge on the nitrogen atom is O 1+ 00 O 1- O 4- O4+
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![**Question:**
Draw a Lewis structure for NH₄⁺. Based on this Lewis structure, the calculated value for the formal charge on the nitrogen atom is:
- ○ 1+
- ○ 0
- ○ 1-
- ○ 4-
- ○ 4+
**Explanation:**
In this question, you are asked to draw the Lewis structure for the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and then determine the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in this structure.
The ammonium ion is a polyatomic ion consisting of one nitrogen atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, and it carries a positive charge. When calculating the formal charge, remember that it is given by the formula:
\[ \text{Formal charge} = \text{Valence electrons} - (\text{Non-bonding electrons} + \frac{\text{Bonding electrons}}{2}) \]
In the ammonium ion, nitrogen has five valence electrons, is bonded to four hydrogen atoms, and no lone pairs. The positive charge on NH₄⁺ means it has lost one electron, affecting the distribution of electrons in the structure.
Use this information to calculate and choose the correct formal charge from the options provided.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F07c01a81-da21-424d-bcf5-49921fafa500%2Fb1e879f6-fff2-48ab-92cd-b99bfdc50348%2Fiiehzjg_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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