Draw a Lewis structure for dihydrogen phosphate ion, H₂PO4, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms. O Explicitly draw all H atoms. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. ●

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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### Drawing the Lewis Structure for Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion (H₂PO₄⁻)

**Task Description:**
Draw a Lewis structure for dihydrogen phosphate ion, H₂PO₄⁻, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms.

**Instructions:**
- Explicitly draw all H atoms.
- Include all valence lone pairs in your answer.

The image provided shows a blank workspace from the ChemDoodle software, which is a tool for drawing chemical structures. At the top of the workspace, there are various drawing tools and options that can be used to create the desired structure.

### Steps to Draw the Lewis Structure for H₂PO₄⁻:

1. **Identify the Total Number of Valence Electrons:**
   - Hydrogen (H): 1 electron × 2 H = 2 electrons
   - Phosphorus (P): 5 electrons
   - Oxygen (O): 6 electrons × 4 O = 24 electrons
   - Additional electron for the charge: +1 electron
   - Total: 2 + 5 + 24 + 1 = 32 valence electrons

2. **Determine the Central Atom:**
   - Phosphorus (P) will be the central atom since it can form more bonds compared to hydrogen or oxygen.

3. **Draw the Skeleton Structure:**
   - Place the phosphorus (P) atom in the center.
   - Connect it to four oxygen (O) atoms.

4. **Distribute Electrons to Complete the Octet Rule:**
   - First, distribute the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atoms to complete their octets.
   - Then, if any electrons remain, place them around the central phosphorus atom.

5. **Consider Formal Charges and Resonance:**
   - Adjust the structure to minimize formal charges, ensuring that the overall charge of the ion is -1.

6. **Add Hydrogen Atoms:**
   - Attach the two hydrogen (H) atoms to two of the oxygen (O) atoms.

### Example of the Lewis Structure for H₂PO₄⁻:
```
       O    O
        |   |
    H - O - P - O⁻
        |
       H
```
In this structure:
- Phosphorus (P) is the central atom.
- Two oxygen (O) atoms are bonded to two hydrogens (H).
- One
Transcribed Image Text:### Drawing the Lewis Structure for Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion (H₂PO₄⁻) **Task Description:** Draw a Lewis structure for dihydrogen phosphate ion, H₂PO₄⁻, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms. **Instructions:** - Explicitly draw all H atoms. - Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. The image provided shows a blank workspace from the ChemDoodle software, which is a tool for drawing chemical structures. At the top of the workspace, there are various drawing tools and options that can be used to create the desired structure. ### Steps to Draw the Lewis Structure for H₂PO₄⁻: 1. **Identify the Total Number of Valence Electrons:** - Hydrogen (H): 1 electron × 2 H = 2 electrons - Phosphorus (P): 5 electrons - Oxygen (O): 6 electrons × 4 O = 24 electrons - Additional electron for the charge: +1 electron - Total: 2 + 5 + 24 + 1 = 32 valence electrons 2. **Determine the Central Atom:** - Phosphorus (P) will be the central atom since it can form more bonds compared to hydrogen or oxygen. 3. **Draw the Skeleton Structure:** - Place the phosphorus (P) atom in the center. - Connect it to four oxygen (O) atoms. 4. **Distribute Electrons to Complete the Octet Rule:** - First, distribute the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atoms to complete their octets. - Then, if any electrons remain, place them around the central phosphorus atom. 5. **Consider Formal Charges and Resonance:** - Adjust the structure to minimize formal charges, ensuring that the overall charge of the ion is -1. 6. **Add Hydrogen Atoms:** - Attach the two hydrogen (H) atoms to two of the oxygen (O) atoms. ### Example of the Lewis Structure for H₂PO₄⁻: ``` O O | | H - O - P - O⁻ | H ``` In this structure: - Phosphorus (P) is the central atom. - Two oxygen (O) atoms are bonded to two hydrogens (H). - One
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