Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw a detailed reaction coordinate diagram for the reaction. Include transitions states and/ or intermediates that are formed
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Overview
The image depicts a chemical reaction involving the transformation of a chlorinated alkane into an iodinated alkane. This reaction is known as a halogen exchange or Finkelstein reaction.
### Reactants and Products
- **Reactant**:
- The compound on the left is a chlorinated alkane. It is a secondary alkyl chloride, specifically 2-chloropropane, with the molecular formula of C3H7Cl.
- Notation: Me represents a methyl group (CH3), and Cl indicates a chlorine atom attached to the carbon chain.
- **Reagent**:
- Sodium iodide (NaI) is used as the reagent in the reaction.
- The reaction takes place in dimethylformamide (DMF), a polar aprotic solvent, at 60°C.
- **Product**:
- The compound on the right is an iodinated alkane, 2-iodopropane, with the molecular formula of C3H7I.
- In the product, the iodine atom (I) replaces the chlorine atom.
### Process Explanation
1. **Mechanism Type**: This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2).
2. **Solvent Role**: DMF, as a polar aprotic solvent, facilitates the reaction by solubilizing both the polar sodium iodide and the organic compound.
3. **Temperature**: The reaction is conducted at an elevated temperature of 60°C to increase the reaction rate.
This type of reaction is practical for converting less reactive halides into more reactive ones, optimizing them for further chemical synthesis applications.
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