Down syndrome Testing - Each year in the US, about 0.143% of babies are born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic condition where a baby is born with an extra copy of Chromosome 21 in their cells. This condition results in some level of intellectual disability, a distinct appearance, and some health and development challenges. The chromosomal examination of fetal cells for the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome carries a risk of miscarriage. As a result, non-invasive procedures are used to determine whether a baby has an increased chance of having Down syndrome. Second trimester screening, sometimes referred to as serum triple screening test (STS), is done between 14 and 18 weeks of pregnancy. While rates of sensitivity and specificity can vary based on sample collection and lab conditions, suppose that in one study the STS test had a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 90.6%. Use a base rate of 0.00143 and a theoretical population of 10,000 pregnant persons to complete the contingency table. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to 4 decimal places. Baby outcome Test Positive Test Negative Total Baby has Down syndrome Baby does not have Down syndrome Total 10,000 1. What proportion of pregnant persons would we expect to have a negative result from STS? 2. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby with Down syndrome? 3. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby without Down syndrome?

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Down syndrome Testing - Each year in the US, about 0.143% of babies are born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic condition where a baby is born with an extra copy of Chromosome 21 in their cells. This condition
results in some level of intellectual disability, a distinct appearance, and some health and development challenges.
The chromosomal examination of fetal cells for the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome carries a risk of miscarriage. As a result, non-invasive procedures are used to determine whether a baby has an increased chance of
having Down syndrome.
Second trimester screening, sometimes referred to as serum triple screening test (STS), is done between 14 and 18 weeks of pregnancy. While rates of sensitivity and specificity can vary based on sample collection and lab
conditions, suppose that in one study the STS test had a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 90.6%.
Use a base rate of 0.00143 and a theoretical population of 10,000 pregnant persons to complete the contingency table. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to 4 decimal places.
Baby outcome
Test Positive
Test Negative
Total
Baby has Down syndrome
Baby does not have Down syndrome
Total
10,000
1. What proportion of pregnant persons would we expect to have a negative result from STS?
2. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby with Down syndrome?
3. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby without Down syndrome?
Transcribed Image Text:Down syndrome Testing - Each year in the US, about 0.143% of babies are born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic condition where a baby is born with an extra copy of Chromosome 21 in their cells. This condition results in some level of intellectual disability, a distinct appearance, and some health and development challenges. The chromosomal examination of fetal cells for the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome carries a risk of miscarriage. As a result, non-invasive procedures are used to determine whether a baby has an increased chance of having Down syndrome. Second trimester screening, sometimes referred to as serum triple screening test (STS), is done between 14 and 18 weeks of pregnancy. While rates of sensitivity and specificity can vary based on sample collection and lab conditions, suppose that in one study the STS test had a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 90.6%. Use a base rate of 0.00143 and a theoretical population of 10,000 pregnant persons to complete the contingency table. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to 4 decimal places. Baby outcome Test Positive Test Negative Total Baby has Down syndrome Baby does not have Down syndrome Total 10,000 1. What proportion of pregnant persons would we expect to have a negative result from STS? 2. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby with Down syndrome? 3. What proportion of pregnant persons who have a negative result from STS would we expect to have a baby without Down syndrome?
4. In Australia, about 0.091% of babies are born with Down syndrome. Would you expect the rate of true negatives from STS testing in Australia to be higher, lower, or the same as the rate in the US?
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. The same as
Transcribed Image Text:4. In Australia, about 0.091% of babies are born with Down syndrome. Would you expect the rate of true negatives from STS testing in Australia to be higher, lower, or the same as the rate in the US? A. Higher B. Lower C. The same as
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