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Down syndrome (-) 417 81% 96.3% >35 98 $15 19% 100% 23.8% Age of mother at conception34 and below 313 329 95.1%100 76.2% 411 844 48.76100 100% 16 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(l-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chi square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are>=$ OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series 10.31, 26.9 Taylor series Taylor series 72, 80.22 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor 48.71, 147.2 CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio $3.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFPOR) Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 98.8% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin, D. Austin,H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. 195% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P.values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (n]) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.

Down syndrome (-) 417 81% 96.3% >35 98 $15 19% 100% 23.8% Age of mother at conception34 and below 313 329 95.1%100 76.2% 411 844 48.76100 100% 16 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(l-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chi square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are>=$ OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series 10.31, 26.9 Taylor series Taylor series 72, 80.22 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor 48.71, 147.2 CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio $3.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFPOR) Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 98.8% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin, D. Austin,H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. 195% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P.values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (n]) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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35. What is the percentage of study participants who are both exposed and diseased over all those
who are exposed?
A. 19% B. 23.8% C. 81% D. 96.3%
36. What is the percentage of study participants who are both exposed and diseased over all those
who are diseased?
A. 19% B. 23.8% C. 81% D. 96.3%
37. Is there an association between the exposure and the outcome?
A. Either yes or no
B. Neither yes nor no
C. No
D. Yes 

38. Which of the following provides evidence for a decision on association between the exposure and
the outcome?
A. confidence limits of the odds ratio
B. confidence limits of the risk ratio
C. p-value of the chi square test
D. p-value of the single table test 

Single Table Analysis Down syndrome >35 417 81% 98 515 19% 100% 23.8% 313 329 95.1%100% 96.3% 16 Age of mother at conception34 and below 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% 76.2% 411 844 48.7%100% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(1-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chỉ square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact c0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are >=s OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series Taylor series Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 10.31, 26.9" 72, 80.22° 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 48.71, 147.2 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio 83.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFpOR) Eiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 98.8% *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pjindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin D. Austin, H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. ** 95% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P-values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (a) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.
Transcribed Image Text:Single Table Analysis Down syndrome >35 417 81% 98 515 19% 100% 23.8% 313 329 95.1%100% 96.3% 16 Age of mother at conception34 and below 4.9% 3.7% 433 51.3% 100% 76.2% 411 844 48.7%100% 100% Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association Test Value p-value(1-tail) p-value(2-tail) Uncorrected chi square Yates corrected chỉ square Mantel-Haenszel chi square Fisher exact Mid-P exact c0.0000001 <0.0000001 465.4 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 462.4 464.9 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 <0.0000001 All expected values (row total"column total grand total) are >=s OK to use chi square. Risk-Based* Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals (Not valid for Case-Control studies) Point Estimates Confidence Limits Туре Value Lower, Upper Туре Risk in Exposed Risk in Unexposed Overall Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Etiologic fraction in pop.(EFp) 90.52% 86.12, 94.92 Etiologic fraction in exposed(EFe)93.99% 80.97% 77.35, 84.13 Taylor series 2.959, 7.809 Taylor series 47.93, 54.66 Taylor series Taylor series Taylor series 4.863% 51.3% 16.65 76.11% 10.31, 26.9" 72, 80.22° 90.3, 96.28 Odds-Based Estimates and Confidence Limits Point Estimates Confidence Limits Type Value Lower, Upper Type Mid-P Exact Fisher Exact Taylor CMLE Odds Ratio" 82.57 48.71, 147.2 47.34, 153.3 Odds Ratio 83.24 48.1, 144 series fraction in pop (EFpOR) Eiologic fraction in exposed(EFe OR) 95.15% 92.8, 97.5 97.92, 99.31 98.8% *Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio (Pjindicates a one-tail P-value for Protective or negative association; otherwise one-tailed exact P-values are for a positive association. Martin D. Austin, H (1991) An efficient program for computing conditional maximum likelihood estimates and exact confidence limits for a common odds ratio. Epidemiology 2, 359-362. ** 95% confidence limits testing exclusion of 0 or 1, as indicated P-values <0.05 and confidence limits excluding null values (0,1, or (a) are highlighted. LookFirst items: Editor's choice of items to examine first.
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