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$ Tag vali Block d 000 10010 1 001 10101 1 010 01111 1 011 10100 0 100 11101 1 101 10001 0 110 00001 1 111 11101 1 Indicate whether each of the following memory references would result in a hit or a miss: a) 0xA35 b) OxEF2 c) 0X61B

$ Tag vali Block d 000 10010 1 001 10101 1 010 01111 1 011 10100 0 100 11101 1 101 10001 0 110 00001 1 111 11101 1 Indicate whether each of the following memory references would result in a hit or a miss: a) 0xA35 b) OxEF2 c) 0X61B

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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A memory system has 4 KB byte-addressable main memory and a direct-mapped cache that consists of 8 blocks with 16 bytes per block. The following shows the main memory address format that allows us to map addresses from main memory to cache. Note: 12 bit address, 4 bit offset, 3 bit $block, and 5 bit tag Assume the cache directory shown below:
### Cache Memory Analysis In cache memory systems, determining whether a specific memory reference results in a hit or a miss is crucial for optimization and performance enhancement. This example explores this process by examining a given cache table and corresponding memory references. #### Cache Table The provided cache table is structured as follows: | $ Block | Tag | valid | |---------|--------|-------| | 000 | 10010 | 1 | | 001 | 10101 | 1 | | 010 | 01111 | 1 | | 011 | 10100 | 0 | | 100 | 11101 | 1 | | 101 | 10001 | 0 | | 110 | 00001 | 1 | | 111 | 11101 | 1 | - `$ Block`: The cache block address. - `Tag`: The tag bits stored for verifying a match. - `valid`: Indicator of whether the cache block contains valid data (`1` = valid, `0` = invalid). #### Memory References To determine if the given memory references result in a hit or a miss, follow these steps: 1. Convert the hexadecimal address into binary. 2. Extract the block index and tag from the binary address. 3. Compare the extracted tag and valid bit with the corresponding entry in the cache table. **Memory References:** 1. **0xA35** - Binary: `1010 0011 0101` - Block Index: `011` (Block Index derived from lower bits for identifying the cache block) - Tag: `10100` (Tag derived from upper bits for matching with cache) - Valid Bit: `0` (from table) Since this block has an invalid bit (`0`), the result is a **miss**. 2. **0xEF2** - Binary: `1110 1111 0010` - Block Index: `010` (from lower bits) - Tag: `01111` (from upper bits) - Valid Bit: `1` (from table) The tag `01111` matches and it is valid (`1`), resulting in a **hit**. 3. **0X61B** - Binary: `0110 0001 101
Transcribed Image Text:### Cache Memory Analysis In cache memory systems, determining whether a specific memory reference results in a hit or a miss is crucial for optimization and performance enhancement. This example explores this process by examining a given cache table and corresponding memory references. #### Cache Table The provided cache table is structured as follows: | $ Block | Tag | valid | |---------|--------|-------| | 000 | 10010 | 1 | | 001 | 10101 | 1 | | 010 | 01111 | 1 | | 011 | 10100 | 0 | | 100 | 11101 | 1 | | 101 | 10001 | 0 | | 110 | 00001 | 1 | | 111 | 11101 | 1 | - `$ Block`: The cache block address. - `Tag`: The tag bits stored for verifying a match. - `valid`: Indicator of whether the cache block contains valid data (`1` = valid, `0` = invalid). #### Memory References To determine if the given memory references result in a hit or a miss, follow these steps: 1. Convert the hexadecimal address into binary. 2. Extract the block index and tag from the binary address. 3. Compare the extracted tag and valid bit with the corresponding entry in the cache table. **Memory References:** 1. **0xA35** - Binary: `1010 0011 0101` - Block Index: `011` (Block Index derived from lower bits for identifying the cache block) - Tag: `10100` (Tag derived from upper bits for matching with cache) - Valid Bit: `0` (from table) Since this block has an invalid bit (`0`), the result is a **miss**. 2. **0xEF2** - Binary: `1110 1111 0010` - Block Index: `010` (from lower bits) - Tag: `01111` (from upper bits) - Valid Bit: `1` (from table) The tag `01111` matches and it is valid (`1`), resulting in a **hit**. 3. **0X61B** - Binary: `0110 0001 101
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