Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
Do the fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin match? Why or why not?
![reagents, which contain an alkaline solution of
cupric ions stabilized by citrate or tartrate, respec-
tively, have been used to detect reducing agents in
urine and other body fluids. Another chemical char-
acteristic that used to be exploited to quantitate
carbohydrates is the ability of these molecules to
form Schiff bases with aromatic amines. O-toluidine
in a hot acidic solution will yield a colored compound
with an absorbance maximum at 630 nm. Galactose,
an aldohexose, and mannose, an aldopentose, will
also react with O-toluidine and produce a colored
compound that can interfere with the reaction. The
Schiff base reaction with O-toluidine is of historical
interest only and has been replaced by more specific
CASE STUDY 9.8, PART 2
Recall Alfred. He admits he does not always eat a healthy diet, especially when he travels with
utive quarters, a fa ing glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were
performed to monitor his disease. The results are as follows:
his
For three
Plasma glucose, fasting
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Quarter 1
280 mg/dL
7.8%
the Trinder reac
the
pling reaction used in the glucose
is subject to positive and nega
Increased levels of uric acid, biliru
acid can cause falsely decreased
of these substances being oxidize
which then prevents the oxidation
the chromogen. Strong oxidizing s
bleach, can cause falsely increased.
consumption electrode can be us
direct measurement of oxygen by
technique, which avoids this in
depletion is measured and is
amount of glucose present. Pol
Quarter 2
85 mg/dL
15.3%
Quarter 3
91 mg/dL
8.5%
1.
In which quarter was the patient's glucose best controlled? The least controlled?
2. Do the fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin match? Why or why not?
3. What methods are used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin?
4. What potential conditions might cause erroneous results?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcf26f6bc-d3da-4d99-921d-29260e913c4d%2Fb343863b-463d-47ef-ab5e-7b35acfa6061%2F9408unf_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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