DNA ligase seals the gaps between DNA fragments +RNA primers are removed by DNA polymerase I and nucleotides replaced + Elongation of both the lagging and the leading strand continues + Single-strand binding proteins attach to DNA around the replication fork to prevent DNA from rewinding Primase synthesizes RNA primers complementary to the DNA strand DNA loosens from histones DNA polymerase III starts adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer +Topoisomerase binds ahead of the replication fork to relieve strain in DNA Helicase opens DNA at the origin of replication forming replication forks

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Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.