Discuss the basic concepts of cellular telephony, how it works, and the various generations and evolutions of cellular telephony.
Discuss the basic concepts of cellular telephony, how it works, and the various generations and evolutions of cellular telephony.
CELLULAR TELEPHONY SYSTEM:
The basic concepts of cellular telephony include
- Frequency reuse
- Multiple access techniques
- Speech coding
- Mobility
- Ciphering
- Authentication
- Network planning.
Cellular networks are divided into
- Radio access network (RAN)
- Core network (CN)
RADIO ACCESS NETWORK:
This network consists of BTS, Base transceiver stations, and BSC, Base station controller which is the controlling element.
BTSs are the radio elements. The BTS connects the mobile terminals to the network. BTS is connected to a cell site which can be micro, macro, or pico depending on the radius. The size is based on the power level of BTS.
This radio access network is the largest component of the mobile network with a large number of base stations and cell sites for coverage. The base station controller controls the BTS. So a single BSC controls many BTSs. The management of radio resources at the BTSs is done by BSC.
BSCs are connected to the BTSs using T1s and E1s which are wireline networks. T1s and E1s are deployed by telecom operators. T1 is used to multiplex voice and data together. E1is used to multiplex 30 user slots within each frame. Microwave links are also used. The Backhaul network is the network connecting the BTSs to the BSC. The cost of connecting a large number of BTSs to the BSC is very expensive for radio networks.
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