Discuss techniques for handling pipeline hazards, such as forwarding, speculation, and out-of-order execution. Provide examples of how each technique can enhance pipeline performance.

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
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Discuss techniques for handling pipeline hazards, such as forwarding, speculation, and out-of-order execution. Provide examples of how each technique can enhance pipeline performance.

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Step 1: Introduction

Pipeline processing is an efficient way to execute instructions in modern microprocessors by overlapping the execution of several instructions. However, it is subject to various hazards that can impede its performance. This discussion will delve into the techniques commonly employed to handle pipeline hazards: Forwarding, Speculation, and Out-of-Order Execution. The explanation will encompass how each technique contributes to alleviating pipeline hazards and enhancing performance.

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