Disaccharides with a-connections Disaccharides with B-connections CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH Maltose: Celloblose: H OH a-D-glucopyranosyl (1-4)a-D-glucopyranose H H. B-D-glucopyranosyl (1-4)8-D-glucopyranose OH OH H ОН Н но ОН Н OH но OH H ÓH OH H OH a-D-Glc a-D-Glc B-D-Glc В-D-Glc CH,OH OH CH,OH CH,OH a,a-Trehalose: a-D-glucopyranosyl (1-1)a-D-glucopyranose Lactose: H OH B-D-galactopyranosyl (1-4)B-D-glucopyranose H но OH OH H Но OH H ОН Н Но OH H OH OH OH a-D-Glc a-D-Glc B-D-Gal B-D-Glc CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH, Sucrose: a-D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)8-D-fructofuranoslde Gentloblose: OH B-D-glucopyranosyl (1-6)B-D-glucopyranose H H H ОН Н Но н но CH,OH ОН Н Но ΟΗ Η но H H OH OH OH H OH a-D-Glc В-D-Fru B-D-Glc В-D-Glc (a) Disaccharides linked through the C-1 of the a anomer: maltose, trehalose, and sucrose. (b) Disaccharides with B linkage: cellobiose, lactose, and gentiobiose. A FIGURE 9.14 Structures of some important disaccharides. Shown are Haworth projections of the same molecules, with color-coded monomers: blue = glucose, pink = fructose, teal = galactose. Note the convention used to draw gly- cosidic bonds between monomers in disaccharides. The "curved bonds" allow the Haworth projections of the monomers to be drawn on the same line.

Q: Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde.

A: Step 1: Guidelines for IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds:Consider the carbon chain with the…

Q: CH2OH -OH HO- H H- -O- H -OH ČH2OH

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Q: What is the name of the non-reducing monosaccharide found in the disaccharide shown here?

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Q: In the following monosaccharide hemiacetal, identify the anomeric carbon atom. Identify the…

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Q: write the structure of the following disaccharides

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Q: Sorbitol is a sweetener often substituted for cane sugar, because it is better tolerated by…

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Q: Modify the molecular structure to identify the products formed from the hydrolysis of the following…

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Q: How many reducing ends and non reducing end does O-a-D-glucopyranofil(l ➔1) a-D-glucopyranoside(a…

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Q: The relation between the following two sugars is epimers.   True   False

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Q: Consider the disaccharide melibiose. сон ОН H Он Н Н Н CH2 H Он H Н Он -= 5. о H H он H Он melibiose…

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A:

Q: Uronic acids are another class compound for carbohydrates. a) Describe the structural difference…

A: Chemically carbohydrates are polyhydroxy acetone or ketones. Uronic acids are also carbohydrates…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.