The A-instruction: symbolic and binary syntax Semantics: Set the A register to value Symbolic syntax: @value Where value is either: a non-negative decimal constant ≤32767 (=215-1) or a symbol referring to such a constant (later) Example: @21 Effect: sets the A register to 21 Binary syntax: Ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv For example: @21 (symbolic syntax- assembly code) 0000000000010101 (binary syntax- machine code) Symbolic syntax: dest = comp; jump Binary syntax: 1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3 dest d1 d2 d3 effect: the value is stored in: The value is not stored 1 RAM[A] 10D register 0 1 1 RAM[A] and D register A register 101 1 1 0 comp c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 0 101 010 null 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 M D D 0 0 1 1 0 0 MD A M 1 1 0 0 0 0 A 1 ID 0 0 110 1 AM IA IA IM 1 1 0 0 0 1 AD 0 -D 001111 AMD 1 1 1 A -A -M D+1 1 1 0 0 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 jump A+1 M+1 D-1 1 10 11 1 001110 null A-1 M-1 110010 JGT JEQ D+A D+M D-A D-M 010011 JGE 0 1 1 A-D M-D JLT 100 D&A D&M ONE DIA D❘M 0 1 0 1 0 1 JLE a-0 a-1 JMP j1 j2 j3 A register and RAM[A] A register and D register A register, RAM[A], and D register effect: eno jump 001 if out > jump 0 1 0 if out 0 jump if out 20 jump if out < jump 101 if out 0 jump 110 if out se jump 1 1 1 Unconditional jump Recall the two Assembly Instructions, A and C: The A-instruction Syntax: @value The C-instruction Where value is either: a a non-negative decimal constant or dest comp; jump (both dest and jump are optional) where: aa symbol referring to such a constant (later) comp= Semantics: dest=null, M, D, MD, A, AM, AD, AMD ⚫Sets the A register to value ⚫Side effect: RAM[A] becomes the selected RAM register Example: @21 Effect: Sets the A register to 21 RAM[21] becomes the selected RAM register e, 1, -1, D, A, ID, IA, D, -A, D+1, A+1, D-1, A-1, D+A, D-A, A-D, D&A, DIA M, IM, -M, M+1, M-1, D+M, D-M, M-D, D&M, DIM. M refers to RAM[A] jump null, GT, JEQ, JGE, LT, JNE, JLE, JMP Semantics: Compute the value of comp Stores the result in dest; If the Boolean expression (comp jump 0) is true, jumps to execute the instruction stored in ROM[A]. if (comp jump 0) jump to execute the instruction in ROM[A] Directions: Complete the translation from Assembly to Machine code for the following instructions. parts @1 values parts values @SCREEN //@_ parts @KBD//@ values parts @R5//@ values parts values A=-1 parts values A=D A=M parts values
The A-instruction: symbolic and binary syntax Semantics: Set the A register to value Symbolic syntax: @value Where value is either: a non-negative decimal constant ≤32767 (=215-1) or a symbol referring to such a constant (later) Example: @21 Effect: sets the A register to 21 Binary syntax: Ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv For example: @21 (symbolic syntax- assembly code) 0000000000010101 (binary syntax- machine code) Symbolic syntax: dest = comp; jump Binary syntax: 1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3 dest d1 d2 d3 effect: the value is stored in: The value is not stored 1 RAM[A] 10D register 0 1 1 RAM[A] and D register A register 101 1 1 0 comp c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 0 101 010 null 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 M D D 0 0 1 1 0 0 MD A M 1 1 0 0 0 0 A 1 ID 0 0 110 1 AM IA IA IM 1 1 0 0 0 1 AD 0 -D 001111 AMD 1 1 1 A -A -M D+1 1 1 0 0 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 jump A+1 M+1 D-1 1 10 11 1 001110 null A-1 M-1 110010 JGT JEQ D+A D+M D-A D-M 010011 JGE 0 1 1 A-D M-D JLT 100 D&A D&M ONE DIA D❘M 0 1 0 1 0 1 JLE a-0 a-1 JMP j1 j2 j3 A register and RAM[A] A register and D register A register, RAM[A], and D register effect: eno jump 001 if out > jump 0 1 0 if out 0 jump if out 20 jump if out < jump 101 if out 0 jump 110 if out se jump 1 1 1 Unconditional jump Recall the two Assembly Instructions, A and C: The A-instruction Syntax: @value The C-instruction Where value is either: a a non-negative decimal constant or dest comp; jump (both dest and jump are optional) where: aa symbol referring to such a constant (later) comp= Semantics: dest=null, M, D, MD, A, AM, AD, AMD ⚫Sets the A register to value ⚫Side effect: RAM[A] becomes the selected RAM register Example: @21 Effect: Sets the A register to 21 RAM[21] becomes the selected RAM register e, 1, -1, D, A, ID, IA, D, -A, D+1, A+1, D-1, A-1, D+A, D-A, A-D, D&A, DIA M, IM, -M, M+1, M-1, D+M, D-M, M-D, D&M, DIM. M refers to RAM[A] jump null, GT, JEQ, JGE, LT, JNE, JLE, JMP Semantics: Compute the value of comp Stores the result in dest; If the Boolean expression (comp jump 0) is true, jumps to execute the instruction stored in ROM[A]. if (comp jump 0) jump to execute the instruction in ROM[A] Directions: Complete the translation from Assembly to Machine code for the following instructions. parts @1 values parts values @SCREEN //@_ parts @KBD//@ values parts @R5//@ values parts values A=-1 parts values A=D A=M parts values
COMPREHENSIVE MICROSOFT OFFICE 365 EXCE
1st Edition
ISBN:9780357392676
Author:FREUND, Steven
Publisher:FREUND, Steven
Chapter3: Working With Large Worksheets, Charting, And What-if Analysis
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2AYK
Question
please help me fill out the chart to translate assembly to machine code using the picture for context
![The A-instruction: symbolic and binary syntax
Semantics: Set the A register to value
Symbolic syntax:
@value
Where value is either:
a non-negative decimal constant
≤32767 (=215-1) or
a symbol referring to such a constant (later)
Example:
@21
Effect: sets the A register to 21
Binary syntax: Ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
For example: @21
(symbolic syntax-
assembly code)
0000000000010101
(binary syntax-
machine code)
Symbolic syntax:
dest = comp; jump
Binary syntax:
1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3
dest d1 d2 d3 effect: the value is stored in:
The value is not stored
1 RAM[A]
10D register
0 1 1 RAM[A] and D register
A register
101
1 1 0
comp
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6
0
101 010
null
1
-1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0
M
D
D
0 0 1 1 0 0
MD
A
M
1 1 0 0 0 0
A
1
ID
0 0 110
1
AM
IA
IA
IM
1 1 0 0 0 1
AD
0
-D
001111
AMD
1 1 1
A
-A
-M
D+1
1 1 0 0 1 1
01 1 1 1 1
jump
A+1
M+1
D-1
1 10 11 1
001110
null
A-1
M-1
110010
JGT
JEQ
D+A
D+M
D-A
D-M
010011
JGE
0 1 1
A-D
M-D
JLT
100
D&A
D&M
ONE
DIA
D❘M
0 1 0 1 0 1
JLE
a-0
a-1
JMP
j1 j2 j3
A register and RAM[A]
A register and D register
A register, RAM[A], and D register
effect:
eno jump
001 if out > jump
0 1 0 if out 0 jump
if out 20 jump
if out < jump
101 if out 0 jump
110
if out se jump
1 1 1 Unconditional jump
Recall the two Assembly Instructions, A and C:
The A-instruction
Syntax:
@value
The C-instruction
Where value is either:
a a non-negative decimal constant or
dest comp; jump
(both dest and jump are optional)
where:
aa symbol referring to such a constant (later)
comp=
Semantics:
dest=null, M, D, MD, A, AM, AD, AMD
⚫Sets the A register to value
⚫Side effect: RAM[A] becomes the selected RAM register
Example: @21
Effect:
Sets the A register to 21
RAM[21] becomes the selected RAM register
e, 1, -1, D, A, ID, IA, D, -A, D+1, A+1, D-1, A-1, D+A, D-A, A-D, D&A, DIA
M, IM, -M,
M+1, M-1, D+M, D-M, M-D, D&M, DIM.
M refers to RAM[A]
jump null, GT, JEQ, JGE, LT, JNE, JLE, JMP
Semantics:
Compute the value of comp
Stores the result in dest;
If the Boolean expression (comp jump 0) is true,
jumps to execute the instruction stored in ROM[A].
if (comp jump 0) jump to execute
the instruction in ROM[A]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F46c0fb16-724b-4726-818c-9156075ac6cc%2F43cc4156-12f7-4a23-ad13-b96d1fc0b897%2F4koxc8_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The A-instruction: symbolic and binary syntax
Semantics: Set the A register to value
Symbolic syntax:
@value
Where value is either:
a non-negative decimal constant
≤32767 (=215-1) or
a symbol referring to such a constant (later)
Example:
@21
Effect: sets the A register to 21
Binary syntax: Ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
For example: @21
(symbolic syntax-
assembly code)
0000000000010101
(binary syntax-
machine code)
Symbolic syntax:
dest = comp; jump
Binary syntax:
1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3
dest d1 d2 d3 effect: the value is stored in:
The value is not stored
1 RAM[A]
10D register
0 1 1 RAM[A] and D register
A register
101
1 1 0
comp
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6
0
101 010
null
1
-1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0
M
D
D
0 0 1 1 0 0
MD
A
M
1 1 0 0 0 0
A
1
ID
0 0 110
1
AM
IA
IA
IM
1 1 0 0 0 1
AD
0
-D
001111
AMD
1 1 1
A
-A
-M
D+1
1 1 0 0 1 1
01 1 1 1 1
jump
A+1
M+1
D-1
1 10 11 1
001110
null
A-1
M-1
110010
JGT
JEQ
D+A
D+M
D-A
D-M
010011
JGE
0 1 1
A-D
M-D
JLT
100
D&A
D&M
ONE
DIA
D❘M
0 1 0 1 0 1
JLE
a-0
a-1
JMP
j1 j2 j3
A register and RAM[A]
A register and D register
A register, RAM[A], and D register
effect:
eno jump
001 if out > jump
0 1 0 if out 0 jump
if out 20 jump
if out < jump
101 if out 0 jump
110
if out se jump
1 1 1 Unconditional jump
Recall the two Assembly Instructions, A and C:
The A-instruction
Syntax:
@value
The C-instruction
Where value is either:
a a non-negative decimal constant or
dest comp; jump
(both dest and jump are optional)
where:
aa symbol referring to such a constant (later)
comp=
Semantics:
dest=null, M, D, MD, A, AM, AD, AMD
⚫Sets the A register to value
⚫Side effect: RAM[A] becomes the selected RAM register
Example: @21
Effect:
Sets the A register to 21
RAM[21] becomes the selected RAM register
e, 1, -1, D, A, ID, IA, D, -A, D+1, A+1, D-1, A-1, D+A, D-A, A-D, D&A, DIA
M, IM, -M,
M+1, M-1, D+M, D-M, M-D, D&M, DIM.
M refers to RAM[A]
jump null, GT, JEQ, JGE, LT, JNE, JLE, JMP
Semantics:
Compute the value of comp
Stores the result in dest;
If the Boolean expression (comp jump 0) is true,
jumps to execute the instruction stored in ROM[A].
if (comp jump 0) jump to execute
the instruction in ROM[A]
Transcribed Image Text:Directions: Complete the translation from Assembly to Machine code
for the following instructions.
parts
@1
values
parts
values
@SCREEN //@_
parts
@KBD//@
values
parts
@R5//@
values
parts
values
A=-1
parts
values
A=D
A=M
parts
values
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