Differentiate direct and indirect ISE method of sodium determination. 2. What will happen to the result of sodium determination if the sample is significantly hemolyzed? what causes the variation in the result? 3. Enumerate conditions leading to hypernatremia? hyponatremia?
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1. Differentiate direct and indirect ISE method of sodium determination.
2. What will happen to the result of sodium determination if the sample is significantly hemolyzed? what causes the variation in the result?
3. Enumerate conditions leading to hypernatremia? hyponatremia?
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- 2. Enumerate the conditions which result in Hyperchloremia and Hypochloremia. 3. List the methodologies available for measuring serum Chloride.1. Specify the type of urine container used in routine urinalysis. 2. In a tabulated form, provide the advantages and disadvantages of some preservatives used in urine determination. 3. Give the following changes that may occur if the urine is left unpreseved in a room temperature.Describe the clinical significance and interpretation of urine test strip reactions for the following: pH, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, blood, bilirubin, leukocyte and urobilinogen.
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- 1. After completing hand hygiene, what equipment do you need to process a urinalysis (6 items)? 2. What information should be on the label of the UA cup to ensure errors in patients? 3. What are four different colors of urine and what does that color usually mean? 4. What are three descriptions for the clarity of urine and what does the clarity indicate? 5. Why is it important to check the expiration date of the urine dipsticks / reagent test strips? 6. Why is it important for the dipstick to remain in a horizontal position on a paper towel after being dipped in urine? 7. Why is it important to have a watch to interpret the UA results on the dipstick analysis chart? 8. Where is the used equipment discarded? 9. What is important to chart in the patient's notes? 10. Write a sample charting entry for this UA procedure.1. List at least 5 urine sediment stains used in urinalysis. Provide their action and function for each stains. 2. Enumerate the clinical significance associated with the different abnormal crystals if present in urine.8. The assistant is then asked to make a new dilution of 0.2 mL of 1 mg/mL cortisone solution using the same stock solution as in question 7. Calculate: stock solution= 40mg/mL a) the volume of cortisone stock solution, and b) the volume of saline solution needed to make this dilution. c) How could the procedure be modified to make this dilution more accurately?
- 8. The assistant is then asked to make a new dilution of 0.2 mL of 1 mg/mL cortisone solution using the same stock solution as in question 7. Calculate: a) the volume of cortisone stock solution, and b) the volume of saline solution needed to make this dilution. c) How could the procedure be modified to make this dilution more accurately?Describe the clinical significance and interpretation of urine test strip reactions for the following: pH, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, blood, bilirubin, leukocyte and urobilinogen. Clinical Significance and Interpretation of Normal and Abnormal Results Tests pH Protein Glucose Ketones Nitrites Blood Bilirubin Leukocyte Urobilinogen1. Differentiate the 2 specific types of VDRL namely: 1.1 quantitative VDRL 1.2 qualitative VDRL 2. Describe the principle behind the RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) Test. 3. What precautionary measures should be observed in the collection and preparation of specimen for VDRL examination?