Diagnostic tests of medical conditions can have several types of results. The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has the condition. A positive test (+) indicates that the patient has the condition. A negative test (−) indicates that the patient does not have the condition. Remember, a positive test does not prove the patient has the condition. Additional medical work may be required. Consider a random sample of 200 patients, some of whom have a medical condition and some of whom do not. Results of a new diagnostic test for a condition are shown.   Condition Present   Condition Absent   Row Total Test Result + 106 24 130 Test Result − 19 51 70 Column Total 125 75 200 Assume the sample is representative of the entire population. For a person selected at random, compute the following probabilities. (Enter your answers as fractions.) (a)     P(+ | condition present); this is known as the sensitivity of a test. (b)     P(− | condition present); this is known as the false-negative rate. (c)     P(− | condition absent); this is known as the specificity of a test.

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Diagnostic tests of medical conditions can have several types of results. The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has the condition. A positive test (+) indicates that the patient has the condition. A negative test (−) indicates that the patient does not have the condition. Remember, a positive test does not prove the patient has the condition. Additional medical work may be required. Consider a random sample of 200 patients, some of whom have a medical condition and some of whom do not. Results of a new diagnostic test for a condition are shown.

  Condition Present   Condition Absent   Row Total
Test Result + 106 24 130
Test Result − 19 51 70
Column Total 125 75 200

Assume the sample is representative of the entire population. For a person selected at random, compute the following probabilities. (Enter your answers as fractions.)

(a)

    P(+ | condition present); this is known as the sensitivity of a test.


(b)

    P(− | condition present); this is known as the false-negative rate.


(c)

    P(− | condition absent); this is known as the specificity of a test.


(d)

    P(+ | condition absent); this is known as the false-positive rate.


(e)

    P(condition present and +); this is the predictive value of the test.


(f)

    P(condition present and −).
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