Determine whether or not the argument is valid. If it's valid, then state the rules of inference (or any other way) used to prove validity. If it is invalid,explain why it is invalid. ”Everyone that likes pizza also likes hotdogs.” ”Everyone who likes hotdogs is not vegan.” ”At least one Harvard student likes pizza.” ”Therefore, at least one Harvard student is not vegan.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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Determine whether or not the argument is valid. If it's valid, then state the rules of inference (or any other way) used to prove validity. If it is invalid,explain why it is invalid.
”Everyone that likes pizza also likes hotdogs.”
”Everyone who likes hotdogs is not vegan.”
”At least one Harvard student likes pizza.”
”Therefore, at least one Harvard student is not vegan.”

Expert Solution
Step 1

To check the validity of an argument, rules of inference are used. Also, it can be checked by constructing a truth table. But the use of rules of inference is less time-consuming and, therefore, efficient. 

Consider that the domain is the Harvard students. The propositional statements are as follows:

P: A student likes pizza.

H: A student likes hotdogs. 

V: A student is vegan. 

Given argument is as follows: 

”Everyone that likes pizza also likes hotdogs.”
”Everyone who likes hotdogs is not vegan.”
”At least one Harvard student likes pizza.”
”Therefore, at least one Harvard student is not vegan.”

Now, in symbolic form, the given argument can be expressed as follows: 

xPxHx,xHx~Vx,xPx-x~Vx

We determine the validity of the argument. 

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