Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Determine Where and When Genes Act?
The structural unit of DNA is called a gene, which is responsible to transmit the inherited characters or traits from parent to offspring and thus the concept of heredity arises.
The whole genetics or mechanism of gene action or better to say how gene acts depends mainly on three important processes, namely, replication, transcription, and translation.
Scientist Crick has given a very simple and schematic representation of the whole story of molecular biology known as central dogma.
Central dogma states, DNA molecules give rise to its photocopies or clones by forming identical DNA molecules through a process called replication, later DNA form messenger RNA through a process called transcription and ultimately messenger RNA molecule gives rise to protein molecules through a process called translation.
These processes were catalyzed by various enzymes, excluding translation where the involvement of ribosomes took place to form a suitable protein molecule. Notably, the most important enzyme which catalyzes the replication process is called DNA polymerase, the enzyme that controls the process of transcription is known as RNA polymerase, etc.
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