Determine the step by step mechanism of the major product of the following reaction below. Furthermore, determine all-of the product for the following reaction and circle the major product and explain. Clz hv
Determine the step by step mechanism of the major product of the following reaction below. Furthermore, determine all-of the product for the following reaction and circle the major product and explain. Clz hv
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Title: Detailed Mechanism of Free Radical Halogenation
**Introduction:**
In this exercise, we will determine the step-by-step mechanism of the major product formed during the chlorination of a hydrocarbon using free radical halogenation. We will also identify all products and highlight the major product along with an explanation.
**Mechanism:**
The reaction provided is a free radical halogenation reaction:
\[ \text{Hydrocarbon + Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{hv}} \text{Chlorinated Products} \]
**Steps to Determine the Mechanism:**
1. **Initiation:**
- The reaction is initiated by the absorption of light (hv) which causes the chlorine molecules to dissociate into two chlorine radicals.
\[ \text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{hv} 2\text{Cl}^\bullet \]
2. **Propagation:**
- The chlorine radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the hydrocarbon, forming hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a carbon radical.
\[ \text{C-H (Hydrocarbon) + Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{C}^\bullet + \text{HCl} \]
- The carbon radical then reacts with another chlorine molecule to form the chlorinated hydrocarbon and regenerate the chlorine radical.
\[ \text{C}^\bullet + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{C-Cl (Chlorinated Hydrocarbon) + Cl}^\bullet \]
3. **Termination:**
- Finally, the chlorine radicals can combine to terminate the reaction:
\[ 2\text{Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 \]
**Product Determination:**
To elucidate the products, we identify the positions on the hydrocarbon where chlorination can occur. Multiple chlorinated products may form depending on the hydrogen atoms that are abstracted. However, the major product is typically determined by the stability of the resulting carbon radical.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- The diagram shows the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon.
- "Cl2/hv" indicates the use of chlorine gas under ultraviolet light to produce radicals necessary for the reaction.
**Conclusion:**
Once all products are identified, circle the major product based on the relative stability of the carbon radicals formed in the propagation steps. The stability of carbon radicals follows this order: tertiary > secondary > primary. Therefore, chlor](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9c611bf3-375a-4bcc-90fb-aaa1871cff40%2Fec996d4f-1593-49af-8800-2076acc04687%2Fv4hpgw2.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Title: Detailed Mechanism of Free Radical Halogenation
**Introduction:**
In this exercise, we will determine the step-by-step mechanism of the major product formed during the chlorination of a hydrocarbon using free radical halogenation. We will also identify all products and highlight the major product along with an explanation.
**Mechanism:**
The reaction provided is a free radical halogenation reaction:
\[ \text{Hydrocarbon + Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{hv}} \text{Chlorinated Products} \]
**Steps to Determine the Mechanism:**
1. **Initiation:**
- The reaction is initiated by the absorption of light (hv) which causes the chlorine molecules to dissociate into two chlorine radicals.
\[ \text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow{hv} 2\text{Cl}^\bullet \]
2. **Propagation:**
- The chlorine radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the hydrocarbon, forming hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a carbon radical.
\[ \text{C-H (Hydrocarbon) + Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{C}^\bullet + \text{HCl} \]
- The carbon radical then reacts with another chlorine molecule to form the chlorinated hydrocarbon and regenerate the chlorine radical.
\[ \text{C}^\bullet + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{C-Cl (Chlorinated Hydrocarbon) + Cl}^\bullet \]
3. **Termination:**
- Finally, the chlorine radicals can combine to terminate the reaction:
\[ 2\text{Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 \]
**Product Determination:**
To elucidate the products, we identify the positions on the hydrocarbon where chlorination can occur. Multiple chlorinated products may form depending on the hydrogen atoms that are abstracted. However, the major product is typically determined by the stability of the resulting carbon radical.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- The diagram shows the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon.
- "Cl2/hv" indicates the use of chlorine gas under ultraviolet light to produce radicals necessary for the reaction.
**Conclusion:**
Once all products are identified, circle the major product based on the relative stability of the carbon radicals formed in the propagation steps. The stability of carbon radicals follows this order: tertiary > secondary > primary. Therefore, chlor
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