Determine the rank of the matrix. 1 -2 2 -3] 6) 2 -4 7 -2 -3 6 -6 9

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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### Determining the Rank of a Matrix

Given the following matrix, determine its rank:

\[ 
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\
2 & -4 & 7 & -2 \\
-3 & 6 & -6 & 9 
\end{pmatrix}
\]

### Steps to Determine the Rank of the Matrix

1. **Construct the Augmented Matrix**:
   - Write down the matrix in its given form.
   
2. **Apply Row Operations**:
   - Use elementary row operations to transform the matrix into its row echelon form (REF) or reduced row echelon form (RREF). Row operations include row swapping, scaling, and row addition/subtraction.

3. **Identify the Pivot Columns**:
   - Once in echelon form, count the number of non-zero rows (pivot rows). Each pivot row corresponds to a leading 1 in a different column.

4. **Determine the Rank**:
   - The rank of the matrix is the number of pivot rows in the REF or RREF.

### Example Solution

- Start with the given matrix and perform row operations to simplify it:
\[ 
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\
2 & -4 & 7 & -2 \\
-3 & 6 & -6 & 9 
\end{pmatrix}
\]

- Sample row operation step-by-step:
   - Replace the second row with (Row 2 - 2*Row 1)
   - Replace the third row with (Row 3 + 3*Row 1)
   - Further simplify the resulting matrix.

- Continue performing row operations until you reach the REF or RREF.

### Result

After reaching the echelon form, count the number of leading 1's (pivot positions):

\[
\text{Rank} = \text{Number of pivot positions}
\]

This matrix will generally have specific row operations, which might look something like this in the row echelon form:

\[ 
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\
0 & 0 & 3 & -4 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 
\end{pmatrix}
\]

From this form, we can see that there are 2 non-zero rows, thus indicating that the rank of the matrix is
Transcribed Image Text:### Determining the Rank of a Matrix Given the following matrix, determine its rank: \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\ 2 & -4 & 7 & -2 \\ -3 & 6 & -6 & 9 \end{pmatrix} \] ### Steps to Determine the Rank of the Matrix 1. **Construct the Augmented Matrix**: - Write down the matrix in its given form. 2. **Apply Row Operations**: - Use elementary row operations to transform the matrix into its row echelon form (REF) or reduced row echelon form (RREF). Row operations include row swapping, scaling, and row addition/subtraction. 3. **Identify the Pivot Columns**: - Once in echelon form, count the number of non-zero rows (pivot rows). Each pivot row corresponds to a leading 1 in a different column. 4. **Determine the Rank**: - The rank of the matrix is the number of pivot rows in the REF or RREF. ### Example Solution - Start with the given matrix and perform row operations to simplify it: \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\ 2 & -4 & 7 & -2 \\ -3 & 6 & -6 & 9 \end{pmatrix} \] - Sample row operation step-by-step: - Replace the second row with (Row 2 - 2*Row 1) - Replace the third row with (Row 3 + 3*Row 1) - Further simplify the resulting matrix. - Continue performing row operations until you reach the REF or RREF. ### Result After reaching the echelon form, count the number of leading 1's (pivot positions): \[ \text{Rank} = \text{Number of pivot positions} \] This matrix will generally have specific row operations, which might look something like this in the row echelon form: \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\ 0 & 0 & 3 & -4 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \] From this form, we can see that there are 2 non-zero rows, thus indicating that the rank of the matrix is
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