Determine the gradability of a crawler tractor pulling a high - pressure rubber tyred self loading scraper and its load. The following information is available :- (i) Tractor horsepower, =180 (ii) Weight of tractor = 18, 400 kg (iii) (iv) Drawbar pull in 1st gear = 15300 kg Available drawbar pull = 13005 kg. (v) Weight of loaded scraper = 35850 kg. Haul road rutted and uneven earth (vi) (vii) Rolling resistance for tractor = 23 kg/tonne (viii) Excess rolling resistance for scraper = 95 kg/tonne (ix) Rolling resistance for scraper = 95 kg/tonne (x) Pull required/tonne/1% grade = 9 kg.

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Material Properties

Construction in civil engineering demands high strength, durability, and longevity. These targets can be achieved by better design and analysis, along with the correct choice of materials. Different materials have different properties and hence, they respond and performs differently under the various condition of external loadings. It is therefore a critical task of an engineer to select the right material based on the property that the material is supposed to function in real-time. When speaking about the property, there are different categories of material properties like chemical property, physical property, mechanical property, electrical property, magnetic property, thermal property, etc. These material properties form the basis of material selection in various applications.