Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is ATP used?

Q: During one cross-bridging cycle in striated muscle one ATP molecule is hydrolyzed. Explain the two…

A: In striated muscles, during a muscle contraction, tropomyosin has to change its conformation to…

Q: What is a cross-bridge cycle?

A: The muscles in the body helps in movement of the body. The muscles inside the body works by…

Q: What are two roles of ATP during muscle contraction?

A: Muscle contraction is either increase in muscle tension or a decrease in the muscle length. Muscle…

Q: What prevents cross-bridges from attaching to sites on the thinfilaments in a resting skeletal…

A: Muscles are the tissues able to contract in response to stimuli.

Q: Briefly explain how does cross-bridge formation affect muscle force.

A: During muscle contraction, a force is generated in the muscle. This is termed the muscle force. This…

Q: Explain the role of cross-bridge cycling in fatigue.

A: Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in muscle force generated over time. many factors contribute to…

Q: Describe what is meant by muscle fiber "cross-bridges". What occurs to enable movement of the…

A: Muscular system is a body system which is involved in regular contraction and relaxation resulting…

Q: How does the latchbridge mechanism within smooth muscle cells influence (a) the amount of ATP…

A: Myosin cross-bridges remain connected to the actin by the Latch bridge mechanism for some time after…

Q: Describe the muscle composition in a normal active person. How does this compare to athletes…

A: Muscle composition in a typical active person varies based on factors such as genetics, training,…

Q: What is the time relationship between a skeletal muscle fiber action potential and the resulting…

A: A skeletal muscle is a part of the “muscular system” of our body. A fiber of a skeletal muscle is…

Q: movement of sodium ions into the muscle cell at the nueromuscular junction causes wha

A: Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) is the junction between the terminal branch of the nerve fiber and the…

Q: describe the events that lead to muscle contraction starting at the level of the neuromuscular…

A: Muscle contraction occurs when these are initiated by a nerve signal. This is triggered by…

Q: What two types of microfilament make up the muscle sarcomere?  Which motor protein is primarily…

A: Filaments are long, thin and flexible structures that can be found in various biological systems.…

Q: Which type of contraction develops more muscle tension: isotonic or isometric?

A: Muscles are the tissues that can change their length and cause movement of the body parts.

Q: Which of the following is the smallest: muscle fiber, thick filament, or myofibril? Which is…

A: Myofibrils are made up of small structures known as Myofilaments. There are basically two main kinds…

Q: Describe the major events that occur when a muscle fiber contracts. Include all chemicals,…

A: Numerous bundles which make up the skeletal muscle are called fascicles and each of these is…

Q: Describe the relationship between the resting muscle length and the strength of its contraction.…

A: Individual muscle fibers that make up skeletal muscles contract when a motor neuron stimulates them.…

Q: ATP performs which two distinct functions in the cross-bridge cycle?

A: The two main proteins involved in the movement of muscles are actin and myosin. Actin is a protein…

Q: Describe how each of the following factors influences motor unit recruitment: a) Increasing…

A: Alpha motor neurons (also called inferior motor neurons) don't have striated muscle and cause…

Q: Describe a cycle of cross-bridge activity during contraction and discuss the role of ATP inthis…

A: 1. when Ca+ binds to the troponin, the active site on the actin is exposed 2.  myosin and actin form…

Q: What factors determine the duration of an isotonic twitch in skeletal muscle? An isometric twitch?

A: To a single action potential, twitch is the mechanical response of a muscle fiber. Before the…

Q: Discuss about cross-bridge cycle,

A: 1. when Ca+ binds to the troponin, the active site on the actin is exposed 2.  myosin and actin form…

Q: What are the different types of summation by which the strength of muscle contraction can be…

A: Twitch, summation, and tetanus are all terms for muscle contractions. The time of constriction of a…

Q: What are the three sources of ATP produced during muscle contraction?

A: Muscle contraction is the response of muscle towards nerve impulse. When stimulus is received,…

Q: Distinguish between concentric, isometric and eccentric contractions, the physiology of the…

A: Through the cycling of actin and myosin cross-bridges, a muscle fibre produces tension. The muscle…

Q: Discuss the metabolic pathways of ATP production in skeletal muscle in terms of timing, mechanism,…

A: Muscle ATP stores are limited, metabolic pathways must be triggered to keep ATP resynthesis rates at…

Q: Describe the changes that occur in skeletal muscle as a result of endurance training. Include a…

A: Endurance training is sustained physical exercise to improve the endurance of an individual.…

Q: Describe what happens to muscle during atrophy and hypertrophy. List 2 ways that atrophy occurs.…

A: Muscle atrophy   Loss of skeletal muscle mass is referred to as muscle atrophy. It can be brought on…

Q: Follow the events of excitation-contraction coupling that lead to cross bridge activity.

A: The sequence of events that result in the contraction of an individual muscle fibre begins with a…

Q: List five proteins of the myofilaments and describe theirphysical arrangement.

A: Muscles are the soft tissue found in our body. Muscles work to create strength and movement. They…

Q: Describe the contraction of a muscle fiber, starting with what events take place at the…

A: Introduction: Muscle is a mesodermal contractile connective tissue. Muscles contain unique…

Q: Explain the requirements for Ca2+ and ATP in muscle contraction and relaxation.  Remember that…

A: A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber. it has two protein filaments  1. actin 2.…

Q: Describe how each of the following factors influences motor unit recruitment: a) Increasing…

A: Motor unit recruitment can be described as the activation of additional motor units so as to fulfill…

Q: 1. Draw and label the steps of the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle. This should be…

A: Muscle contraction is a complex process that involves the interaction of numerous molecules and…

Q: What are the differences in parameters for aerobic exercise versus anaerobic exercise? (use the FITT…

A: The FITT principle is very useful to structure all the training plans.The full form of FITT is…

Q: Explain how ATP levels regulate glycolysis in resting muscle

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway in which carbohydrates are oxidized to two molecules of pyruvate.…