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Describe the relationship (diastereomers, enantiomers, meso compound, same, unrelated)?

Describe the relationship (diastereomers, enantiomers, meso compound, same, unrelated)?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Describe the relationship (diastereomers, enantiomers, meso compound, same, unrelated)?

Transcription and Explanation of Chemical Structures: **e)** Two cyclohexane derivatives are shown: - **Left molecule:** A cyclohexane ring with substituents: - CH₃ (methyl group) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Cl (chlorine) - Br (bromine) - Two hydrogen atoms - **Right molecule:** Another cyclohexane ring with substituents arranged as: - CH₃ (methyl group) - Cl (chlorine) - Br (bromine) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Two hydrogen atoms **f)** Two carbon chains with aldehyde groups are shown: - **Left molecule:** A carbon chain with a terminal aldehyde group: - One carbonyl group (C=O) - Two carbon atoms - One hydrogen and one methyl group branching off - **Right molecule:** A similar structure with: - One carbonyl group (C=O) - An opposite arrangement of the methyl group **g)** Two structures of bronsted acids: - **Left molecule:** A central carbon atom is bonded to: - CH₃ (methyl group) - HO (hydroxyl group) - H₃CH₂C (ethyl group) - Br (bromine) - **Right molecule:** The structure is: - CH₃ (methyl group) - H (hydrogen) - OH (hydroxyl group) - CH₂CH₃ (ethyl group) - Br (bromine) **h)** Two amino acid derivatives are shown: - **Left molecule:** A chain with: - Two carboxylic acid groups (COOH) - NH₂ (amino group) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Two hydrogen atoms - **Right molecule:** A similar chain in a linear form: - COOH (carboxylic acid group) - NH₂ (amino group) - HO (hydroxyl group) - Two carbon atoms in the backbone These diagrams highlight different stereochemical arrangements of functional groups on organic molecules, useful for studying molecular isomerism and functional group behaviors in organic chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:Transcription and Explanation of Chemical Structures: **e)** Two cyclohexane derivatives are shown: - **Left molecule:** A cyclohexane ring with substituents: - CH₃ (methyl group) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Cl (chlorine) - Br (bromine) - Two hydrogen atoms - **Right molecule:** Another cyclohexane ring with substituents arranged as: - CH₃ (methyl group) - Cl (chlorine) - Br (bromine) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Two hydrogen atoms **f)** Two carbon chains with aldehyde groups are shown: - **Left molecule:** A carbon chain with a terminal aldehyde group: - One carbonyl group (C=O) - Two carbon atoms - One hydrogen and one methyl group branching off - **Right molecule:** A similar structure with: - One carbonyl group (C=O) - An opposite arrangement of the methyl group **g)** Two structures of bronsted acids: - **Left molecule:** A central carbon atom is bonded to: - CH₃ (methyl group) - HO (hydroxyl group) - H₃CH₂C (ethyl group) - Br (bromine) - **Right molecule:** The structure is: - CH₃ (methyl group) - H (hydrogen) - OH (hydroxyl group) - CH₂CH₃ (ethyl group) - Br (bromine) **h)** Two amino acid derivatives are shown: - **Left molecule:** A chain with: - Two carboxylic acid groups (COOH) - NH₂ (amino group) - OH (hydroxyl group) - Two hydrogen atoms - **Right molecule:** A similar chain in a linear form: - COOH (carboxylic acid group) - NH₂ (amino group) - HO (hydroxyl group) - Two carbon atoms in the backbone These diagrams highlight different stereochemical arrangements of functional groups on organic molecules, useful for studying molecular isomerism and functional group behaviors in organic chemistry.
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Step 1

e) both the structures are non superimposable mirror images of each other. Therefore they are Enantiomers.
f) Both the structures have opposite absolute configurations. Therefore they are Enantiomers.
g) Both the structures are not mirror images of each other. Therefore they are Diastereomers.
h) On converting the Zig-zag structure, we see that both the structures are same.

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