Describe the glycolysis pathway and its products.
Describe the glycolysis pathway and its products.
Glycolysis is the biochemical pathway that deals with the partial break down of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate by a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is the first step of cellular respiration which is oxygen-independent so takes place in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Glycolysis is a ten-step process of synthesis of pyruvate, out of which the first five steps are the preparatory phase (energy utilized) steps, and the rest last five are the payoff phase (energy generation) steps.
The preparatory phase:
Step 1: The irreversible step of conversion of glucose phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate by enzyme hexokinase, the molecule of ATP is used and the coenzyme such as Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions are used.
Step-2: The reversible reaction in which isomerization of aldose i.e. glucose to ketose i.e fructose sugar is done so the product formed is fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase.
Step-3: The Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by the enzyme phosphofructokinase in presence of an ATP molecule to the product fructose 1.6-bisphosphate. This is an irreversible step.
Step-4: The fructose1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) by the enzyme aldolase.
Step-5: The DHAP and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are convertible to each other by an enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.
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