Describe the anatomy of the heart, including blood supply and pericardium structure, and trace the flow of blood through the heart, identifying the major blood vessels, chambers, and heart valves.
Describe the anatomy of the heart, including blood supply and pericardium structure, and trace the flow of blood through the heart, identifying the major blood vessels, chambers, and heart valves.
Heart is a muscular organ that is involved in pumping blood all over the body. It is an important organ in the circulatory system. It is a mesodermally derived organ that is located in the middle mediastinum. It is slightly tilted towards the left lung.
Heart collects all the deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body and pumps the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
PERICARDIUM
Heart is surrounded by a membrane called pericardium. The main function of pericardium is to protect the heart. Pericardium is a double layered membrane. It has outer pericardium and inner pericardium layer. The outer pericardium is fibrous in nature. It is inelastic and dense in nature. The inner layer is serous in nature. It contains the pericardial cavity that is filled with pericardial fluid which helps in reducing the friction created by hearts movements.
HEART WALL
The wall of heart has three layers. They are epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost thin layer of heart wall. It consists of mesothelium and connective tissue. The myocardium is the middle layer and it consists of cardiac muscle. It is responsible for hearts pumping action. The endocardium is the innermost layer that consists of thin layer of connective tissue.
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART, HEART VALVES, MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS AND PATHWAY OF BLOOD
Heart has four layers. They are two atria(right and left atria) and two ventricles(right and left ventricles).
RIGHT ATRIUM
Blood from all over the body is carried to the right atrium with the help of three veins such as the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. The right atrium is separated from left atrium by the inter atrial septum. The blood then flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the valve called tricuspid valve or right atrioventricular valve.
LEFT ATRIUM
The blood enters the right ventricle. Interventricular septum separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood into a large artery called pulmonary trunk. The blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into right pulmonary and left pulmonary arteries.
The pulmonary arteries carry the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Now the deoxygenated blood is oxygenated in the lungs. The oxygenated blood is then carried to the heart from the lungs with the help of pulmonary veins. Pulmonary veins are four in number( two veins for lung).
RIGHT VENTRICLE
The oxygenated blood from lungs enter the left atrium. The blood is then pumped to the left ventricle through the valve called bicuspid valve or mitral valve or left atrioventricular valve.
LEFT VENTRICLE
Now blood enters the left ventricle which is the thickest chamber of the heart. Now the blood is pumped into the aorta through the aortic valve.
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